Abstract
BackgroundThe side effects caused by Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) and Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata (PMRP) have often appeared globally. There is no research on the changes of endogenous metabolites among PMR- and PMRP-treated rats. The aim of this study was to evaluate the varying metabolomic effects between PMR- and PMRP-treated rats. We tried to discover relevant differences in biomarkers and endogenous metabolic pathways.MethodsHematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry staining were performed to find pathological changes. Biochemical indicators were also measured, one-way analysis of variance with Dunnett’s multiple comparison test was used for biochemical indicators comparison among various groups. Metabolomics analysis based on ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q/TOF-MS) was performed to find the changes in metabolic biomarkers. Multivariate statistical approaches such as principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least square-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were applied to reveal group clustering trend, evaluate and maximize the discrimination between the two groups. MetaboAnalyst 4.0 was performed to find and confirm the pathways.ResultsPMR extracts exhibited slight hepatotoxic effects on the liver by increasing aspartate and alanine aminotransferase levels. Twenty-nine metabolites were identified as biomarkers, belonging to five pathways, including alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, arginine and proline metabolism, and primary bile acid biosynthesis.ConclusionThis study provided a comprehensive description of metabolomic changes between PMR- and PMRP-treated rats. The underlying mechanisms require further research.
Highlights
The side effects caused by Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) and Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata (PMRP) have often appeared globally
The levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total bilirubin (TBIL) had no obvious changes (Fig. 2c, e). These results suggest that PMR and PMRP may have slight liver damaging effects
The results showed that both PMR and PMR had mild liver damage, and the liver damage of PMR was stronger than PMRP
Summary
The side effects caused by Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) and Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata (PMRP) have often appeared globally. Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) and Polygoni Multiflori Radix Praeparata (PMRP) are derived from the tuberous root of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb., and are the clinically used forms of P. multiflorum [1]. They are widely distributed worldwide and have been used as herbal drugs and healthcare products. Current research on the toxicity of PMR has mainly focused on the chemical constituents causing liver damage [23, 24]. There has been no research on the different metabolomic profiles between PMR- and PMRP-treated rats. Detection of the differences in endogenous metabolites following short-term administration can reveal the different types of metabolomic data
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