Abstract
BackgroundUsing metabolomics technique to analyze the response to a dietary intervention generates valuable information concerning the effects of the prescribed diet on metabolic regulation. To determine whether low calorie diet (LCD)-induced weight reduction causes changes in plasma metabolites and metabolic characteristics.MethodsOverweight subjects consumed a LCD (n = 47) or a weight maintenance diet (control, n = 50) in a randomized, controlled design study with a 12-week clinical intervention period. Plasma samples were analyzed using an UPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS.ResultsThe 12-week LCD intervention resulted in significant mild weight loss, with an 8.3% and 10.6% reduction observed in the visceral fat area (VFA) at the level of the lumbar vertebrae L1 and L4, respectively. The LCD group showed a significant increase in the mean change of serum free fatty acids compared to the control group. In the LCD group, we observed a significant increase in the acylcarnitine (AC) levels, including hexanoylcarnitine, L-octanoylcarnitine, 9-decenoylcarnitine, trans-2-dodecenoylcanitine, dodecanoylcarnitine, 3,5-tetradecadiencarnitine, cis-5-tetradecenoylcarnitine, 9,12-hexadecadienoylcarnitine, and 9-hexadecenoylcarnitne at the 12-week follow-up assessment. When the plasma metabolite changes from baseline were compared between the control and LCD groups, the LCD group showed significant increases in hexanoylcarnitine, L-octanoylcarnitine, trans-2-dodecenoylcanitine, and 3,5-tetradecadiencarnitine than the control group. Additionally, the changes in these ACs in the LCD group strongly negatively correlated with the changes in the VFA at L1 and/or L4.ConclusionMild weight loss from 12-week calorie restriction increased the plasma levels of medium- and long-chain ACs. These changes were coupled with a decrease in VFA and an increase in free fatty acids.Trial registrationNCT03135132; April 26, 2017.
Highlights
Using metabolomics technique to analyze the response to a dietary intervention generates valuable information concerning the effects of the prescribed diet on metabolic regulation
No significant differences between the two groups were observed in age, gender distribution, smoking, alcohol intake, body weight, body mass index (BMI), whole fat area, visceral fat area (VFA), and subcutaneous fat area (SFA) at the L1 and L4 levels
After 12 weeks of treatment, the individuals in the low calorie diet (LCD) group showed significant reductions in their body weight (4.8% of their initial body weight), BMI, waist circumference, and total, visceral, and subcutaneous fat areas at the L1 and L4 levels compared to the baseline
Summary
Using metabolomics technique to analyze the response to a dietary intervention generates valuable information concerning the effects of the prescribed diet on metabolic regulation. The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased rapidly worldwide [1]. The use of metabolomics in nutrition research is increasing, and applications range from assessing novel biomarkers of dietary intake to intervention studies [9]. Using this technique to analyze the response to a dietary intervention generates valuable information concerning the effects of the prescribed diet on metabolic regulation [10,11,12]
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