Metabolomics Analysis of Soybean Hypocotyls in Response to Phytophthora sojae Infection.

Longming Zhu,Yang Zhou,Han Xing,Na Guo,Jinming Zhao,Xiangnan Li

doi:10.3389/fpls.2018.01530

Abstract

Soybean is one of the most important economic and oil crops across the world. Phytophthora root rot (PRR), caused by Phytophthora sojae (P. sojae), is a major disease in most soybean-growing regions worldwide. Here, we investigated metabolic changes in hypocotyls of two soybean lines, Nannong 10-1 (resistant line, R) and 06-070583 (susceptible line, S), at two time points (12 and 36 hpi) after P. sojae infection and metabolic differences between the R line and the S line. In total, 90 differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were identified after P. sojae infection; the levels of 50 metabolites differed between the R line and the S line. There are 28 DAMs that not only differentially accumulated between the R line and the S line but also differentially accumulated after P. sojae infection. Based on the changes of these DAMs in response to P. sojae infection in different lines and at different timepoints, and the differences in the contents of these DAMs between the R line and the S line, we speculated that DAMs, including sugars (monosaccharides and oligosaccharides), organic acids (oxalic acid, cumic acid), amino acid derivatives, and other secondary metabolites (mannitol, octanal, hypoxanthine, and daidzein etc.) may participate in the metabolic-level defense response of soybean to P. sojae. In this study, an integrated pathway-level analysis of transcriptomics (obtained by RNA-Seq) and metabolomics data illustrated the poor connections and interdependencies between the metabolic and transcriptional responses of soybean to P. sojae infection. This work emphasizes the value of metabolomic studies of plant–pathogen interactions and paves the way for future research of critical metabolic determinants of the soybean-P. sojae interaction.

Highlights

Soybean (Glycine max) is one of the most important economic and oil crops worldwide
The P. sojae-infected samples clustered to the left of their corresponding mock-infected samples, demonstrating that there was a change in the metabolic levels of soybean hypocotyls after P. sojae infection and that the magnitude of the changes depended on the extent of the disruption caused by P. sojae (Supplementary Figure S2)
We identified a variety of amino acids and amino acid derivatives that were differentially accumulated after P. sojae infection and/or between the R line and the S line (Supplementary Figure S4 and Supplementary Table S2)

Summary

Introduction

Soybean (Glycine max) is one of the most important economic and oil crops worldwide. Phytophthora root rot (PRR), caused by Phytophthora sojae (P. sojae), is a major disease in most soybean-growing regions of the world (Tyler, 2007). P. sojae is a soil-borne oomycete pathogen that infects soybean plants at all developmental stages. Soybean Response to P. sojae Infection soybean cultivars (Chang et al, 2017). This disease causes great yield loss every year and caused the loss of 0.68 × 106 ∼ 1.55 × 106 tons of yields from 1996 to 2009 in the United States soybean-growing regions alone (Wrather et al, 2001, 2003; Wrather and Koenning, 2006; Koenning and Wrather, 2010). The discovery of resistance resources and an improved understanding of the corresponding defense mechanisms are important for the breeding of resistant cultivars

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Discussion

Conclusion