Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a global health problem that appears in all age groups and affects approximately 15–30% of people. Baicalin has been used for the treatment of various allergic diseases, including AR. However, the metabolic mechanisms of AR and baicalin against AR have not been systematically studied. Here, ovalbumin-sensitized AR rats were used as a model, and animal behaviour, histological analysis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and metabolomics were used to elucidate the mechanism of baicalin for AR. The results indicated that baicalin has a protective effect on AR rats by inhibiting the release of immunoglobulin E (IgE), histamine, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). In addition, ovalbumin-induced AR included modulation of arachidonic acid, leukotriene A4 (LTA4), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), α-ketoglutaric acid, phosphatidylcholine PC (20 : 4/0 : 0), PC (16 : 0/0 : 0), citric acid, fumarate, malate, 3-methylhistidine, histamine and other amino acids that are involved in arachidonic acid, histidine metabolism, the TCA cycle and amino acid metabolism. Thus, AR could be alleviated or reversed by baicalin.
Highlights
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a type of chronic inflammation in the respiratory tract [1]
The animals were maintained under specific pathogen free (SPF) laboratory conditions and received human care according to the guidelines of the Local Institutes of Health guide for the care and use of laboratory animals
leukotriene B4 (LTB4), synthesized by leukotriene A4 (LTA4) hydrolase from LTA4, is a leukotriene involved in inflammation that plays an important role in the development of AR [23]. These results indicated that arachidonic acid metabolism was disordered in our study, and with high variable importance in the projection (VIP), arachidonic acid might be used as a specific candidate biomarker for AR
Summary
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a type of chronic inflammation in the respiratory tract [1]. It is a very common disease of nasal mucosa, triggered by the interaction of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and ubiquitous environmental proteins in sensitized patients [2]. AR appears in all age groups, affects a large part of the global population and is a major public 2 health burden [5]. Epidemiologic data have shown that AR affects nearly 15–30% of people [6,7]
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