Abstract
Environmental pollution causes significant toxicity to ecosystems. Thus, acquiring a deeper understanding of the concentration of environmental pollutants in ecosystems and, clarifying their potential toxicities is of great significance. Environmental metabolomics is a powerful technique in investigating the effects of pollutants on living organisms in the environment. In this review, we cover the different aspects of the environmental metabolomics approach, which allows the acquisition of reliable data. A step-by-step procedure from sample preparation to data interpretation is also discussed. Additionally, other factors, including model organisms and various types of emerging environmental toxicants are discussed. Moreover, we cover the considerations for successful environmental metabolomics as well as the identification of toxic effects based on data interpretation in combination with phenotype assays. Finally, the effects induced by various types of environmental toxicants in model organisms based on the application of environmental metabolomics are also discussed.
Highlights
With the development of modern technology, mass production has become common, resulting in the generation of large quantities of waste
This includes the workflow of metabolomics, discussion on the types of model organisms and environmental pollutants used for toxicity studies, and suggestions for future research directions for environmental metabolomics
Exposure of cadmium toward zebrafish strongly inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the gill of zebrafish and decreased swimming behavior, which might be an evidence of neurotoxicity
Summary
With the development of modern technology, mass production has become common, resulting in the generation of large quantities of waste. In previous studies, Oryzias melastigma, a widely used marine fish model, was exposed to various types of pollutants, including bisphenol A (BPA), benzo[a]pyrene, and nanoparticles These can lead to toxic effects that inhibit reproductions, induce metabolic disorders, and cause inflammation [7,8,9,10]. By analyzing metabolite levels in model organisms in environments where the pollutants are primarily distributed, it is possible to comprehensively evaluate the actual impact of pollutants on the environment This approach can enhance our understanding of the effects of environmental pollutants on the physiological changes that occur in living organisms, as well as the associated response mechanisms [26,27]. This includes the workflow of metabolomics, discussion on the types of model organisms and environmental pollutants used for toxicity studies, and suggestions for future research directions for environmental metabolomics
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