Metabolomic signature of the postprandial experience.

Abstract

Ingestion of a meal up to maximal tolerance induces unpleasant fullness sensation and changes in circulating metabolites. Our aim was to evaluate the relation between postprandial sensations and the metabolomic responses to a comfort meal. In 32 non-obese healthy men, homeostatic sensations (hunger/satiety, fullness), hedonic sensations (digestive well-being, mood), and the metabolomic profile in plasma (low-molecular weight metabolites and lipoprotein profiles) were measured before and 20minutes after a comfort meal (warm ham and cheese sandwich and juice; total 300mL; 425kcal). Perception was measured on 10cm scales and the metabolomic response by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The comfort meal induced homeostatic sensations (satiety and fullness) associated with a positive hedonic reward (enhanced digestive well-being and mood) and a clear change in the metabolomic profile with a sharp discrimination between the pre and postprandial state by a non-supervised principal component analysis. The change in circulating metabolites correlated with the postprandial sensations: the increase in alanine correlated with the increase in fullness (R=0.50; P=0.004) and well-being (R=0.50; P=0.004); the increase in glucose correlated with the sensation of fullness (R=0.40; P=0.023) and enhanced mood (R=0.41; P=0.020). Metabolomic changes in the response to a meal may provide an objective index of the postprandial experience, which may have clinical implications in the management of patients with poor meal tolerance or meal-related symptoms.