Abstract
Dongxiang common wild rice is a precious rice germplasm resource for the study and improvement of salt tolerance in rice.The metabolism profile of Dongxiang wild rice (DXWR) under salinity was determined by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) to find differential metabolites and screen potential biomarkers for salt-tolerant rice varieties. A global untargeted metabolism analysis showed 4,878 metabolites accumulated in seedlings of Dongxiang wild rice. Principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) results provided a clear metabolism discrimination between DXWR under control and DXWR under salinity. A total of 90 metabolites were significantly changed (49 upregulated and 41 downregulated) under salinity, of which the largest increase was in DL-2-Aminoadipic acid (27.08-fold) and the largest decrease was in L-Carnitine (0.014-fold). Amino acids and nuclear glycosides were mainly upregulated, while carbohydrates and organic acids were mainly downregulated in the salt-treated group. Among the top 10 upregulated metabolites, five kinds of differential metabolites were amino acids. According to the survival rates of the seedlings under salinity, we selected three backcross inbred lines of DXWR with survival rates above 80% as salt-tolerant progenies (pro-DS) and three backcross inbred lines with survival rates below 10% as non-salt-tolerant progenies (pro-NDS) for an amino acid change analysis. This analysis found that the change in L-Asparagine (2.59-fold) was the biggest between pro-DS and pro-NDS under salinity, revealing that the contents of L-Asparagine may be one of the indices we can use to evaluate the salt tolerance of rice varieties.
Highlights
Rice is a crucial cereal crop in developing countries as it feeds more than half of the global population
The results obtained from this study revealed that Dongxiang wild rice could accumulate a large number of metabolites in varying degrees under salinity, while a few of them played a potential role in the mechanism of salt tolerance
To investigate the influence of salt conditions on rice seedling metabolites, both rice seedlings were analyzed under nonsalt and salt conditions using an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry-based metabolomic approach
Summary
Rice is a crucial cereal crop in developing countries as it feeds more than half of the global population. Soil salinity is one of the major environmental stresses that influences rice growth and development in many rice cultivation regions because rice is a glycophyte and, highly susceptible to salinity stress, especially at the seedling and reproductive stages (Huang et al, 2020; Zhang et al, 2021b). It has been estimated that nearly 50% of all the cultivated land in the world will be salinized by 2050 (Zhu, 2016), posing a major threat to sustainable agricultural development and food security. The development and cultivation of salt-tolerant cultivated rice are some of the effective strategies to increase the utilization rate of salinity land, enlarge the area of arable soil, and ensure the national food supply
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