Abstract
Photosynthetic species of the genus Dinophysis are obligate mixotrophs with temporary plastids (kleptoplastids) that are acquired from the ciliate Mesodinium rubrum, which feeds on cryptophytes of the Teleaulax-Plagioselmis-Geminigera clade. A metabolomic study of the three-species food chain Dinophysis-Mesodinium-Teleaulax was carried out using mass spectrometric analysis of extracts of batch-cultured cells of each level of that food chain. The main goal was to compare the metabolomic expression of Galician strains of Dinophysis acuminata and D. acuta that were subjected to different feeding regimes (well-fed and prey-limited) and feeding on two Mesodinium (Spanish and Danish) strains. Both Dinophysis species were able to grow while feeding on both Mesodinium strains, although differences in growth rates were observed. Toxin and metabolomic profiles of the two Dinophysis species were significantly different, and also varied between different feeding regimes and different prey organisms. Furthermore, significantly different metabolomes were expressed by a strain of D. acuminata that was feeding on different strains of the ciliate Mesodinium rubrum. Both species-specific metabolites and those common to D. acuminata and D. acuta were tentatively identified by screening of METLIN and Marine Natural Products Dictionary databases. This first metabolomic study applied to Dinophysis acuminata and D.acuta in culture establishes a basis for the chemical inventory of these species.
Highlights
Dinophysis species produce diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins and pectenotoxins (PTXs) and pose a major concern to public health and the aquaculture industry in Western Europe [1,2].Their impact is serious in the Galician Rías Baixas (NW Spain), site of intensive mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) production
A similar structure is used by D. acuminata and D. acuta to feed on M. rubrum from which they temporarily retain its plastids [10]
M.rubrum rubrum was was consistent consistent with and showed four distinct clades that were represented by the Mesodinium rubrum complex, M
Summary
Dinophysis species produce diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins and pectenotoxins (PTXs) and pose a major concern to public health and the aquaculture industry in Western Europe [1,2]. Their impact is serious in the Galician Rías Baixas (NW Spain), site of intensive mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) production (up to 3 × 105 metric tons per year; [3]). In this region, recurrent spring-summer proliferations of D. acuminata, followed in some years by those of D. acuta, cause lengthy harvesting bans whenever toxins in shellfish exceed regulatory levels [4]. García-Cuetos et al [11]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
