Abstract
Context: Euphorbia pekinensis Rupr. (Euphorbiaceae) has long been used in the Orient, while its clinical use was limited due to its nephrotoxic effect.Objective: The possible mechanism of nephrotoxicity of Euphorbia pekinensis (EPR) and its related constituents were investigated.Materials and methods: Petroleum ether (PE), acetic ether (AE) and n-butanol (BUT) extracted sections of EPR were separately given to Wistar rats by gavage at the dose of 3 g/kg/day for 10 weeks to determine the nephrotoxic section of EPR. Then, renal metabolic profiling of EPR after oral administration of nephrotoxic section was investigated and its related constituents were identified by LC/Q-TOF-MS method.Results: The average values of creatinine (CREA) in PE, AE, BUT and control groups were 76.54 ± 9.52, 54.12 ± 10.34, 51.33 ± 5.19 and 48.23 ± 6.67 μmol/L. The average values of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) in PE, AE, BUT and control groups were 15.25 ± 3.37, 8.32 ± 0.89, 9.22 ± 1.78 and 8.47 ± 1.33 mmol/L, respectively. Only kidney section of rats in PE group showed that glomeruli had cellular or fibrocellular crescents. Renal metabolic profiling showed disturbed metabolic pathways of purine, amino acid, phospholipids and sphingolipids in EPR nephrotoxicity. A total of 25 compounds [(–)-(1S)-15-hydroxy-18-carboxycembrene is a new compound] in PE section and 10 compounds in rat serum after administration of PE section were identified.Conclusions: This is the first time that the toxic compounds of PER and action mechanism of EPR nephrotoxicity were explored to provide a new reference for studying the toxic components of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).
Highlights
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a unique theoretical and practical approach to treat various kinds of diseases with a long history over thousands of years
The obtained Principal component analysis (PCA) score plot from the processing of data is shown in Figure 3(A), which could be readily divided into two clusters: Healthy control group (HCG) and Petroleum ether group (PEG)
The samples of HCG tend to cluster in the left, while the PEG was located in the right
Summary
Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a unique theoretical and practical approach to treat various kinds of diseases with a long history over thousands of years. Comprehensive characterization of the chemical ingredients in herbal medicines is very important for quality control and understanding the mechanism of action of toxic effects. (Euphorbiaceae) (EPR) is a herbal medicine widely used in the treatment of oedema, antivirus, scrofula and anti-inflammatory activity, and in fluidpurging exercise, dispersing phlegm and alleviating oppilation by purgation (Mucsi et al 2001; Corea et al 2004). EPR exhibited HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibiting effect, strong histamine-release inhibitory function and strong nitric oxide production inhibitory activities (Ahn et al 2002; Wang et al 2006)
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