Abstract
Periodontal disease is an infectious inflammatory disease related to the destruction of supporting tissues of the teeth, leading to a functional loss of the teeth. Inflammatory molecules present in the exudate are catalyzed and form different metabolites that can be identified and quantified. Thus, we evaluated the inflammatory exudate present in crevicular fluid to identify metabolic biological markers for diagnosing chronic periodontal disease in older adults. Research participants were selected from long-term institutions in Brazil. Participants were individuals aged 65 years or older, healthy, or with chronic periodontal disease. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was used to evaluate potential biomarkers in 120 crevicular fluid samples. We identified 969 metabolites in the individuals. Of these, 15 metabolites showed a variable importance with projection score > 1 and were associated with periodontal disease. Further analysis showed that among the 15 metabolites, two (5-aminovaleric acid and serine, 3TMS derivative) were found at higher concentrations in the crevicular fluid, indicating their potential diagnostic power for periodontal disease in older adults. Our findings indicated that some metabolites are present at high concentrations in the crevicular fluid in older adults with periodontal disease and can be used as biomarkers of periodontal disease.
Highlights
Molecules present in fluids in the oral cavity may indicate a relationship between processes linked to health and disease, as well as repair processes
The relationship between the microbiota and immune system is critical to the maintenance of periodontal health; certain groups, such as older adults, are more susceptible to the development of chronic periodontal disease [1]
64 metabolites were detected in at least two of the three replicates and in at least 50% of either group; these were considered for further statistical analyses
Summary
Molecules present in fluids in the oral cavity may indicate a relationship between processes linked to health and disease, as well as repair processes. Periodontitis is an infectious inflammatory disease that causes destruction of the tissues supporting the teeth. It significantly affects oral health and is the most common cause of tooth loss. The relationship between the microbiota and immune system is critical to the maintenance of periodontal health; certain groups, such as older adults, are more susceptible to the development of chronic periodontal disease [1]. Events related to biological senescence predispose older adults to infections and conditions that increase morbidity and mortality [7]. This increased susceptibility in older adults is associated with a decrease in the normal functioning of the immune system. The responsiveness of the T lymphocyte population decreases with advancing age, resulting in reduced efficiency of monocytes and macrophages in destroying invading pathogens [8, 9], thereby allowing for the development of periodontal diseases
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