Abstract
BackgroundLeptin plays a critical role in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. However, the molecular mechanism and cross talks between leptin and metabolic pathways leading to metabolic homeostasis across different species are not clear. This study aims to explore the effects of leptin in mice and zebrafish larvae by integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics. Different metabolomic approaches including mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution magic-angle-spinning NMR spectrometry were used to investigate the metabolic changes caused by leptin deficiency in mutant ob/ob adult mice and lepb−/− zebrafish larvae. For transcriptome studies, deep RNA sequencing was used.ResultsThirteen metabolites were identified as common biomarkers discriminating ob/ob mice and lepb−/− zebrafish larvae from their respective wild type controls: alanine, citrulline, ethanolamine, glutamine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, putrescine, serine and threonine. Moreover, we also observed that glucose and lipid levels were increased in lepb−/− zebrafish larvae compared to the lepb+/+ group. Deep sequencing showed that many genes involved in proteolysis and arachidonic acid metabolism were dysregulated in ob/ob mice heads and lepb mutant zebrafish larvae compared to their wild type controls, respectively.ConclusionsLeptin deficiency leads to highly similar metabolic alterations in metabolites in both mice and zebrafish larvae. These metabolic changes show similar features as observed during progression of tuberculosis in human patients, mice and zebrafish larvae. In addition, by studying the transcriptome, we found similar changes in gene regulation related to proteolysis and arachidonic acid metabolism in these two different in vivo models.
Highlights
Leptin plays a critical role in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis
Using a combination of metabolomics and transcriptomics, a recent published paper demonstrates that the carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid metabolic liver responses to glucose administration are broadly different between wild type and ob/ob mice [13]
Mice were kept on a standard diet for 8 weeks, after which the body weight of ob/ob mice was significantly higher than wild type C57BL/6 mice (Additional file 1: Figure S1)
Summary
Leptin plays a critical role in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. This study aims to explore the effects of leptin in mice and zebrafish larvae by integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics. Different metabolomic approaches including mass spectrometry, nuclear mag‐ netic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution magic-angle-spinning NMR spectrometry were used to investigate the metabolic changes caused by leptin deficiency in mutant ob/ob adult mice and lepb−/− zebrafish larvae. Deep sequencing showed that many genes involved in proteolysis and arachidonic acid metabolism were dysregulated in ob/ob mice heads and lepb mutant zebrafish larvae compared to their wild type controls, respectively. Using a combination of metabolomics and transcriptomics, a recent published paper demonstrates that the carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid metabolic liver responses to glucose administration are broadly different between wild type and ob/ob mice [13]
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