Metabolomic Alterations in the Digestive System of the Mantis Shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria Following Short-Term Exposure to Cadmium.

Yingjiang Xu,Xiaojing Liu,Xiuhui Tian,Huan Liu,Fang Jiang,Chuanbo Ren,Lihua Ren,Xianghong Gong,Jinglin Xue,Yanmei Cui,Dianfeng Han

doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.706579

Abstract

Mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria is an economically critical aquatic species along the coast of China but strongly accumulates marine pollutant cadmium (Cd) in its digestive system. It is necessary to characterize the toxicity of Cd in the digestive system of mantis shrimp. The metabolic process is an essential target of Cd toxicity response. In this work, we used ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOF-MS) for untargeted metabolomics to characterize the metabolic changes in the digestive system of O. oratoria, exposed to 0.05 mg/L for 96 h. The aim of this study was to further investigate the effect of O. oratoria on Cd response to toxicity and develop biomarkers. Metabolomics analysis showed the alteration of metabolism in the digestive system of mantis shrimp under Cd stress. A total of 91 metabolites were differentially expressed and their main functions were classified into amino acids, phospholipids, and fatty acid esters. The enrichment results of differential metabolite functional pathways showed that biological processes such as amino acid metabolism, transmembrane transport, energy metabolism, and signal transduction are significantly affected. Based on the above results, the Cd-induced oxidative stress and energy metabolism disorders were characterized by the differential expression of amino acids and ADP in mantis shrimp, while the interference of transmembrane transport and signal transduction was due to the differential expression of phospholipids. Overall, this work initially discussed the toxicological response of Cd stress to O. oratoria from the metabolic level and provided new insights into the mechanism.

Highlights

The mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria is widely distributed in the coastal areas of the Pacific Northwest (Zhang et al, 2014; Lou et al, 2018)
We characterized the changes of metabolites in the digestive system of O. oratoria under the stress of 0.05 mg/L Cd2+ for 96 h and the functional pathways that affected them
The results showed that 91 differential metabolites were separated by Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) analysis (VIP > 1) and Student’s t-test (p < 0.05)

Summary

Introduction

The mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria is widely distributed in the coastal areas of the Pacific Northwest (Zhang et al, 2014; Lou et al, 2018). Its high protein content and structurally balanced amino acids (Holmstrand et al, 2006) render it an important economic species along with coastal of China and Southeast Asia Compared with trace metals such as copper, chromium, and lead, O. oratoria has a more vital ability to accumulate cadmium (Cd; Zhang et al, 2016; Xu et al, 2019; Zhao et al, 2019). Wu et al (2018) conducted the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) assessment of the content of Cd in mantis shrimp in the northern seas of Fujian and found that there is a higher risk The concentrations of trace metals have been shown to be much higher in crustaceans than in fish (Hu et al, 2016; Fu et al, 2017). Wu et al (2018) conducted the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) assessment of the content of Cd in mantis shrimp in the northern seas of Fujian and found that there is a higher risk

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