Abstract
BackgroundGinseng rusty root symptoms (GRS) is one of the primary diseases of ginseng. This disease leads to a severe decline in the quality of ginseng. It has been shown that the occurrence of GRS is associated with soil environmental degradation, which may involve changes in soil microbiology and physicochemical properties.ResultsIn this study, GRS and healthy ginseng (HG) samples were used as experimental materials for comparative analysis of transcriptome and metabolome. Compared with those in HG samples, 949 metabolites and 9451 genes were significantly changed at the metabolic and transcriptional levels in diseased samples. The diseased tissues’ metabolic patterns changed, and the accumulation of various organic acids, alkaloids, alcohols and phenols in diseased tissues increased significantly. There were significant differences in the expression of genes involved in plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, the peroxidase pathway, and the plant-pathogen interaction pathway.ConclusionThe current study involved a comparative metabolome and transcriptome analysis of GRS and HG samples. Based on the findings at the transcriptional and metabolic levels, a mechanism model of the ginseng response to GRS was established. Our results provide new insights into ginseng’s response to GRS, which will reveal the potential molecular mechanisms of this disease in ginseng.
Highlights
Ginseng rusty root symptoms (GRS) is one of the primary diseases of ginseng
Quality control of RNA-seq reads We performed RNA-seq analysis to compare the transcriptome between GRS and healthy ginseng (HG) samples, and mainly analysed mRNA accumulation information obtained from the complementary DNA (cDNA) libraries
Expressed genes (DEGs) of diseased tissues The Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the GRS and HG samples are shown in the volcano plot and clustering map (Fig. 1a-b)
Summary
Ginseng rusty root symptoms (GRS) is one of the primary diseases of ginseng. This disease leads to a severe decline in the quality of ginseng. Ginseng rusty root symptoms (GRS) is one of the most common diseases in ginseng cultivation and production. It produces reddish-brown spots on the periderm of ginseng roots, and over time, the spots may gradually expand, leading to a decline in the commodity grade and quality of ginseng. Previous research on American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) showed that rusty roots might be a defence mechanism against the invasion of certain fungi, resulting in the stimulation of phenolic
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