Abstract
BackgroundBagging can improve the appearance of fruits and increase the food safety and commodification, it also has effects on intrinsic quality of the fruits, which was commonly reported negative changes. Fig can be regarded as a new model fruit with its relatively small genome size and long fruit season.ResultsIn this study, widely targeted metabolomics based on HPLC MS/MS and RNA-seq of the fruit tissue of the ‘Zibao’ fig before and after bagging were analyzed to reveal the metabolites changes of the edible part of figs and the underneath gene expression network changes. A total of 771 metabolites were identified in the metabolome analysis using fig female flower tissue. Of these, 88 metabolites (including one carbohydrate, eight organic acids, seven amino acids, and two vitamins) showed significant differences in fruit tissue before and after bagging. Changes in 16 structural genes, 13 MYB transcription factors, and endogenous hormone (ABA, IAA, and GA) metabolism and signal transduction-related genes in the biosynthesis pathway of flavonoids after bagging were analyzed by transcriptome analysis. KEGG enrichment analysis also determined significant differences in flavonoid biosynthesis pathways in female flower tissue before and after bagging.ConclusionsThis work provided comprehensive information on the composition and abundance of metabolites in the female flower tissue of fig. The results showed that the differences in flavor components of the fruit before and after bagging could be explained by changes in the composition and abundance of carbohydrates, organic acids, amino acids, and phenolic compounds. This study provides new insights into the effects of bagging on changes in the intrinsic and appearance quality of fruits.
Highlights
Bagging can improve the appearance of fruits and increase the food safety and commodification, it has effects on intrinsic quality of the fruits, which was commonly reported negative changes
The coloration of the female flower tissue of fig was not affected by the light signal, and the development of anthocyanin in the female flower was barely affected under the condition of fruit bagging, and the content of anthocyanins of female flower in the mature stage was basically the same as that of the control group, for the red cultivar; the female flower tissue in the mature stage kept bright red (Fig. 1)
There is no significant difference in the color of female flower tissue, the flavor and taste are still slightly different
Summary
Bagging can improve the appearance of fruits and increase the food safety and commodification, it has effects on intrinsic quality of the fruits, which was commonly reported negative changes. Anthocyanins, water-soluble flavonoids, are important secondary metabolites in plants and have the physiological function of resisting UV damage, pests and diseases, and attracting insect pollination [9]. They have a strong free radical scavenging effect and have many biological activities, such as cardiovascular protection [10] and anti-tumor properties [11]. Anthocyanins are classified according to the location of phenolic hydroxyl and methyl groups, there are at least 13 types of anthocyanins in nature, six of which, namely petunidin, peonidin, cyanidin, delphinidin, pelargonidin, and malvidin are commonly found. R2R3MYB regulation can be divided into activation and inhibition, for example, FaMYB1 in strawberries [22], AtMYBL2 in Arabidopsis [23], and VvMYBC in grapes [24], which inhibit anthocyanin synthesis
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