Abstract
Metabolization of Insecticidal Amides from Leaves of Piper tuberculatum by Heraclydes hectorides and Naupactus bipes
Highlights
Natural amides found in members of the Piperaceae family have received considerable attention due to their potent insecticidal activity against several agricultural pests.1-9 The isobutyl amides pellitorine and 4,5-dihydropiperlonguminine isolated from Piper tuberculatum seeds have shown 100% mortality at doses of 200 and 700 μg, respectively, to the velvetbean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a typical pest of beans, peanuts, soybeans, cotton, kudzu, alfalfa, cowpeas, horse beans, snap beans, lima beans, and coffee weeds.1 The 4-methylpentyl amides pipnoohine and pipyahyine isolated from P. nigrum fruits exhibited toxicity at 35 and 30 ppm, respectively, against fourth-instar larvae of Aedes aegypti.10The most abundant amides from P. nigrum fruits piperine and piperiline and some of their analogues hadVol 31, No 4, 2020 tissues from which ants were removed had significantly higher concentrations of total amides, indicating that amides are part of the plant defense system.15 Recent studies16-18 have revealed that new synthetic amides have promising insecticidal activity
The insects X. discoideus, H. hectorides and N. bipes on contact with leaves of P. tuberculatum responded by reducing food intake as compared with leaves of P. solmsianum
The possibility of biotransformation of amides [1,2,3,4,5,6,7] found in leaves of P. tuberculatum during the digestive process of X. discoideus, H. hectorides and N. bipes was investigated under laboratory conditions
Summary
Natural amides found in members of the Piperaceae family have received considerable attention due to their potent insecticidal activity against several agricultural pests.1-9 The isobutyl amides pellitorine and 4,5-dihydropiperlonguminine isolated from Piper tuberculatum seeds have shown 100% mortality at doses of 200 and 700 μg, respectively, to the velvetbean caterpillar Anticarsia gemmatalis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a typical pest of beans, peanuts, soybeans, cotton, kudzu, alfalfa, cowpeas, horse beans, snap beans, lima beans, and coffee weeds.1 The 4-methylpentyl amides pipnoohine and pipyahyine isolated from P. nigrum fruits exhibited toxicity at 35 and 30 ppm, respectively, against fourth-instar larvae of Aedes aegypti.10The most abundant amides from P. nigrum fruits piperine and piperiline and some of their analogues hadVol 31, No 4, 2020 tissues from which ants were removed had significantly higher concentrations of total amides, indicating that amides are part of the plant defense system.15 Recent studies16-18 have revealed that new synthetic amides have promising insecticidal activity. Four generalist herbivores Elaeochora trilineata (Orthoptera: Romaleidae), Chromacris speciosa (Orthoptera: Romaleidae), Tropidacris collaris (Orthoptera: Romaleidae) and Xyleus discoideus (Orthoptera: Romaleidae) were offered leaves of P. tuberculatum to test the hypothesis that specialization on Piper hosts correlates with biotransformation of their toxic amides as a mechanism to circumvent toxicity.
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