Abstract
Human microbiota is heavily involved in host health, including the aging process. Based on the hypothesis that the human microbiota manipulates host aging via the production of chemical messengers, lifespan-extending activities of the metabolites produced by the oral commensal bacterium Corynebacterium durum and derivatives thereof were evaluated using the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans. Chemical investigation of the acetone extract of a C. durum culture led to the identification of monoamines and N-acetyl monoamines as major metabolites. Phenethylamine and N-acetylphenethylamine induced a potent and dose-dependent increase of the C. elegans lifespan, up to 21.6% and 19.9%, respectively. A mechanistic study revealed that the induction of SIR-2.1, a highly conserved protein associated with the regulation of lifespan, was responsible for the observed increased longevity.
Highlights
The idea of microbe–host interactions in human ecosystems has been supported by many lines of evidence, all showing that the human microbiota—a group of microbes that colonizes the human body—is intimately involved in human health [1,2]
Based on the close correlations of human microbiota with host aging, a representative indicator of host health [10,11], we proposed the hypothesis that the human microbiota generates chemical messengers to control host aging, as a part of microbe–host interactions
Based on the strong correlations reported between microbes and the health condition of their host [1,2,3], chemical messengers produced by human microbiota are hypothesized to be the mechanism they use to manipulate human health
Summary
The idea of microbe–host interactions in human ecosystems has been supported by many lines of evidence, all showing that the human microbiota—a group of microbes that colonizes the human body—is intimately involved in human health [1,2]. Major achievements of human microbiome research are represented by observations of drastic changes in microbial composition between healthy and diseased individuals [2,3]. 700 microbial species are present in the human oral cavity. Distinctive changes in salivary microbial composition have been found in subjects with obesity and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), reinforcing the importance of oral microbiota in maintaining health [7,8]. The molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of oral microbiota on human health are not fully understood. Chemical investigations of human microbiota have been limited, metabolites are believed to be chemical messengers mediating the microbe–host interactions [9]
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