Metabolites produced by antagonistic microbes inhibit the principal avocado pathogens in vitro

Abstract

<p>The demand for Hass avocado in the global market exceeds the supply by over 50%. Colombia has a remarkable advantage as a producer in the region due to its high yields. However, the productivity of this crop can be seriously affected by diseases such as root rot, caused by <em>Phytophthora cinnamomi,</em> postharvest body rot and stem end rot, caused by <em>Colletotrichum</em> sp. and <em>Phomopsis</em> sp., respectively. The potential of 76 bacterial isolates obtained from avocado rhizosphere to produce inhibitory metabolites against avocado´s pathogens was evaluated. The antagonistic effect of the rhizobacteria against <em>P. cinnamomi</em>, <em>Colletotrichum </em>sp. and <em>Phomopsis</em> sp. was tested through dual cultures. Thirty-six percent of the tested isolates presented inhibition halos against <em>P. cinnamomi</em>, 36% against <em>Colletotrichum</em> sp. and 67% against <em>Phomopsis</em> sp. Additionally, three isolates were selected for fermentation tests using different broth cultures. The extracts obtained from fermentations in the minimal medium of isolates ARP5.1 and AED06 showed inhibitory activity against the evaluated pathogens, but this effect was not observed with the AED26 extract. The media supplemented with copper chloride did not enhance activity of the extracts. These results suggest that using microbial metabolic extracts is a viable alternative for controlling avocado pathogens<em> in vitro</em>.</p>