Metabolites of chlorogenic acid and its isomers: Metabolic pathways and activities for ameliorating myocardial hypertrophy

Abstract

• 64 metabolites of chlorogenic acids were identified in rats’ plasma and hearts. • The metabolic pathways of chlorogenic acids in rats’ plasma and hearts were summarized. • The metabolites’ types of chlorogenic acids under physiological and pathological conditions were similar. • Caffeic acid, methyl caffeate and dihydrocaffeic acid were active metabolites. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) has gained considerable attention as pervasive human dietary constituents with potential cardiovascular-preserving effects. CGA and its structural isomers neochlorogenic acid (NCGA), cryptochlorogenic acid (CCGA) possessed potential capacities on improving myocardial hypertrophy. This study aimed to clarify the active metabolites responsible for improving myocardial hypertrophy of CGA, NCGA and CCGA. As a result, similar to in heart, the different metabolites between pathological and myocardial hypertrophy plasma were basically inactive phase Ⅱ metabolites. Finally, 10 metabolites which were accurately identified in CGA, CCGA and NCGA were chosen to be candidates. And the isoproterenol induced H9c2 cells were used as the myocardial hypertrophy model to screen the active metabolites. In conclusion, based on the results of quantification of cardiomyocyte surface area and expression of ANP, BNP and HIF-1α mRNA, caffeic acid, methyl caffeate and dihydrocaffeic acid were identified as the active metabolites.