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Abstract
The zebrafish model organism was applied first in a metabolic study of icariin, baohuoside I, epimedin A and epimedin C, which are flavonoids in Herba Epimedii. Metabolites of these compounds in zebrafish after exposure for 24 h were identified by HPLC-ESI-MS, whereby the separation was performed with a Zorbax C-18 column using a gradient elution of 0.05% formic acid acetonitrile-0.05% formic acid water. The quasi-molecular ions of compounds were detected in simultaneous negative and positive ionization modes. Metabolic products of icariin and epimedin C via cleavage of glucose residue instead of rhamnose residues were found, which coincided with the results using regular metabolic analysis methods. In addition, the zebrafish model was used to predict the metabolism of the trace component epimedin A, whose metabolic mechanisms haven’t been clearly elucidated with the current metabolism model. The metabolic pathway of epimedin A in zebrafish was similar to those of its homologue icariin and epimedin C. Our study demonstrated that the zebrafish model can successfully imitate the current models in elucidating metabolic pathways of model flavonoids, which has advantages of lower cost, far less amount of compound needed, easy set up and high performance. This novel model can also be applied in quickly predicting the metabolism of Chinese herb components, especially trace compounds.
Highlights
The material basis of Chinese herbs is the essence of research in Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs)
Zebrafish was used in metabolism study of icariin, baohuoside I and epimedin C (Figure 1), whose metabolic mechanisms have been clearly elucidated, to see if zebrafish can imitate current methods in elucidating the metabolism of types of compounds other than saponins, and zebrafish was used in a metabolism study of their homologue epimedin A (Figure 1), whose metabolic mechanisms has not been clarified fully, so see if zebrafish can be used in predicting the metabolism of trace compound, in addition to previous reports using zebrafish larvae [1,22], our results provide update and valuable evidence of the feasibility and reasonability of the novel model using adult zebrafish in the metabolic study of trace components of TCMs
Adult zebrafish were divided into five experimental groups of five fish each after fasting for 12 h, one blank control group was exposed to 1% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) purified water, four groups were exposed to 30 mL solution of icariin (5.8 μg/mL), baohuoside I (6.5 μg/mL), epimedin A
Summary
The material basis of Chinese herbs is the essence of research in Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCMs). Can imitate current methods in elucidating the metabolism of types of compounds other than saponins, and zebrafish was used in a metabolism study of their homologue epimedin A (Figure 1), whose metabolic mechanisms has not been clarified fully, so see if zebrafish can be used in predicting the metabolism of trace compound, in addition to previous reports using zebrafish larvae [1,22], our results provide update and valuable evidence of the feasibility and reasonability of the novel model using adult zebrafish in the metabolic study of trace components of TCMs. Icariin: R1 = Rha R2 = Glc; Baohuoside I: R1 = Rha R2 = H; Epimedin A: R1 = -Rha-Glc R2 = Glc; Epimedin C: R1 = -Rha-Rha R2 = Glc; abbreviations: Rha, a-L-rhamnose; Glc, β-D-glucose
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