Metabolite Profiling and Chemometric Study for the Discrimination Analyses of Geographic Origin of Perilla (Perilla frutescens) and Sesame (Sesamum indicum) Seeds.

Tae Jin Kim,Hyun Young Kim,Woo Duck Seo,Jeong Gon Park,Jae Kwang Kim,Bumkyu Lee,Sang Un Park,Sun-Hwa Ha

doi:10.3390/foods9080989

Abstract

Perilla and sesame are traditional sources of edible oils in Asian and African countries. In addition, perilla and sesame seeds are rich sources of health-promoting compounds, such as fatty acids, tocopherols, phytosterols and policosanols. Thus, developing a method to determine the geographic origin of these seeds is important for ensuring authenticity, safety and traceability and to prevent cheating. We aimed to develop a discriminatory predictive model for determining the geographic origin of perilla and sesame seeds using comprehensive metabolite profiling coupled with chemometrics. The orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis models were well established with good validation values (Q2 = 0.761 to 0.799). Perilla and sesame seed samples used in this study showed a clear separation between Korea and China as geographic origins in our predictive models. We found that glycolic acid could be a potential biomarker for perilla seeds and proline and glycine for sesame seeds. Our findings provide a comprehensive quality assessment of perilla and sesame seeds. We believe that our models can be used for regional authentication of perilla and sesame seeds cultivated in diverse geographic regions.

Highlights

Perilla (Perilla frutescens) seed is a rich source of health-promoting compounds, such as tocopherols, phytosterols, policosanols and fatty acids, which have various bioactivities [1]
We analyzed the primary metabolites and health-promoting compounds, which are abundantly found in perilla and sesame seeds, using gas chromatography (GC)-qMS
Γ-tocopherol was found in the highest amount in both perilla and sesame seeds; α- and β-tocopherols were not detected in sesame seeds

Summary

Introduction

Perilla (Perilla frutescens) seed is a rich source of health-promoting compounds, such as tocopherols, phytosterols, policosanols and fatty acids, which have various bioactivities [1]. Tocopherols have an antioxidant effect and are known as vitamin E. Phytosterols show reduction of total cholesterols in the serum. They increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the blood. Policosanols have a serum lipid- and cholesterol-lowering effect and other beneficial effects, such as cytoprotection, antiaging, liver protection, antioxidant and anti-parkinsonian effects [2]. Perilla seeds contain high levels of octacosanol (C28-ol) [1,2]

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion