Abstract
Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. is widely regarded in China as a precious medicinal and commercial endemic tree. Due to cross-breeding or natural variation of E. ulmoides, the metabolite composition may vary significantly, making control of the medical quality difficult. In order to improve the rational development and utilization, the quality of seven varieties of E. ulmoides were evaluated based on metabolite profiles (total phenolic, total flavonoid, gutta-percha, aucubin, geniposidic acid, chlorogenic acid, geniposide, pinoresinol diglucoside, rutin, hyperoside, and astragalin), bioactivities (in vitro, in vivo antioxidant activities, and antibacterial activities) and HPLC fingerprint combined with chemometrics analysis. On this basis, the differences of medicinal parts (leaf and bark) were further carried out. For the traditional use of bark, Purple-leaf E. ulmoides was the most suitable. For the use of leaf, Qinzhong 1 and Purple-leaf E. ulmoides were appropriate. HPLC fingerprint analysis showed that significant differences in metabolite profiles exist among seven varieties of E. ulmoides. Combined with chemometrics analysis, seven varieties of E. ulmoides were divided into three groups from the use of leaf and bark. The analysis not only evaluated quality of seven varieties of E. ulmoides, but also could distinguish different varieties and different regions of origin. The results can provide theoretical basis for E. ulmoides resources utilization and cultivation of fine varieties.
Highlights
Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., known as Du Zhong, is a deciduous and dioecious tree belonging to monotypic genus Eucommia
The quality of seven varieties of E. ulmoides were evaluated for the first time based on metabolite profiles, bioactivity, and their HPLC fingerprint combined with chemometrics analysis
Short-branch and dense leaf E. ulmoides (S7) are new ornamental and medicinal varieties of Eucommia, they were collected from Northwest A&F University Ankang North Subtropical Economic Forest Fruit
Summary
Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., known as Du Zhong, is a deciduous and dioecious tree belonging to monotypic genus Eucommia. The extracts of the aerial parts of this plant have been widely used in famous botanical tonics medicine of health care for more than 2000 years as an endemic Chinese herb [1]. E. ulmoides has been traditionally used in various indigenous systems of medicines. E. ulmoides is indigenous to China and is widely distributed in Henan, Sichuan, and other places, and the wild distribution center is located in western China [2,3]. E. ulmoides has high values in the development of commercial products; the flowers have been prepared as a natural health-care tea [4]. E. ulmoides seed oil can be used for food and nutritional vegetable oil. Gutta-percha is available from the specific tissues or organs of E. ulmoides, and it is used extensively in electrical
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