Abstract
BackgroundThe metabolism of dietary fatty acids in human has been measured so far using human blood cells and stable-isotope labeled fatty acids, however, no direct data was available for human peripheral tissues and other major organs. To realize the role of dietary fatty acids in human health and diseases, it would be eager to develop convenient and suitable method to monitor fatty acid metabolism in human.ResultsWe have developed the measurement system in situ for human lip surface lipids using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) – attenuated total reflection (ATR) detection system with special adaptor to monitor metabolic changes of lipids in human body. As human lip surface lipids may not be much affected by skin sebum constituents and may be affected directly by the lipid constituents of diet, we could detect changes of FTIR-ATR spectra, especially at 3005~3015 cm-1, of lip surface polyunsaturated fatty acids in a duration time-dependent manner after intake of the docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-containing triglyceride diet. The ingested DHA appeared on the lip surface and was detected by FTIR-ATR directly and non-invasively. It was found that the metabolic rates of DHA for male volunteer subjects with age 60s were much lower than those with age 20s. Lipid hydroperoxides were found in lip lipids which were extracted from the lip surface using a mixture of ethanol/ethylpropionate/iso-octane solvents, and were the highest in the content just before noon. The changes of lipid hydroperoxides were detected also in situ with FTIR-ATR at 968 cm-1.ConclusionThe measurements of lip surface lipids with FTIR-ATR technique may advance the investigation of human lipid metabolism in situ non-invasively.
Highlights
The metabolism of dietary fatty acids in human has been measured so far using human blood cells and stable-isotope labeled fatty acids, no direct data was available for human peripheral tissues and other major organs
We focus on the lipid metabolism of human body, and if we could develop Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)-attenuated total reflection (ATR) system for measurement of lipid metabolism of human body non-invasively, this would greatly contribute to the advancement of management of people's health
As shown in this paper, that the change of human lip surface lipid compositions reflected well that of ingested lipids, and the changes of lipids and fatty acids were really detected with FTIR-ATR in situ
Summary
The metabolism of dietary fatty acids in human has been measured so far using human blood cells and stable-isotope labeled fatty acids, no direct data was available for human peripheral tissues and other major organs. In order to diagnose human body, especially the surface of skin or tissues non-invasively and FTIR technique has a significant potential and it may be applied to detect important biomolecules, even though they are mixed in biological tissues and the depth profile in the skin may not be obtained. It could be used sophisticated statistical methods, such as partial least squares regression or other chemometrics [2,3] for analysis of components in complex mixtures. This FTIR method may be used, if it is available for all people, for chemical diagnosis of human body as such that the hand-held blood pressure measurement instrument was used for physical diagnosis of human vessels for all people at home
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