Metabolism of bisphenol A in zebrafish ( Danio rerio) and rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) in relation to estrogenic response

Abstract

The kinetics of bisphenol A (BPA) were investigated in zebrafish ( Danio rerio) exposed to 100 μg BPA/l. BPA uptake was measured during a 7-day period followed by an elimination phase of similar duration. After 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 120 and 168 h of uptake/elimination, fish were analysed for their content of BPA, bisphenol A glucuronic acid (BPAGA) and bisphenol A sulfate (BPAS). Within the first 24 h steady state levels of BPA, BPAGA and BPAS were reached and the total body concentrations were calculated to be 569, 12 600 and 39.9 ng/g fish, respectively. Elimination rates of the three compounds in zebrafish were estimated by fitting the data to a compartment model. An initial rapid elimination phase was observed for BPA and BPAS with total body half lives (T 1/2) of <1.1 h and 30 min, followed by a slower second elimination phase with T 1/2 values of 139 and 71 h, respectively. Excretion of BPAGA occurred from a single compartment with a T 1/2 of 35 h. The steady state concentration of BPA and its metabolites were investigated in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to 100 μg BPA/l. The toxicokinetic parameters from zebrafish and rainbow trout were compared; including previously published data on the rainbow trout. The data indicate that the smaller estrogenic sensitivity observed for the zebrafish may be caused by a more rapid metabolism of BPA in the zebrafish liver.