Metabolic syndrome: situation in the world, clinical-diagnostic criteria and risk factors (review of literature)

Abstract

Aim of the study. Justification of the relevance of the study of the metabolic syndrome in terms of the view of the theory of health risk analysis. Material and methods. The expert-analytical method analyzes the literature on the problem, collected by searching the databases Scopus, Web of Science, RSCI, PubMed, MedLine for the period 2014-2020 on the prevalence, diagnostic criteria, and risk factors for the development of the metabolic syndrome. Results. Data from numerous studies indicate the influence of the occurrence of the metabolic syndrome of various risk factors: gender, age, genetic predisposition, ethnicity, traditions, lifestyle, physical activity, diet, ecology, the diagnostic criteria used, etc. Currently, a combination of metabolic syndrome with a twofold increase in the risk of cardiovascular disease and a fivefold - type 2 diabetes. Discussion. In recent years, under the influence of ubiquitously increasing urbanization, a person’s lifestyle has undergone profound changes. Mechanized transport, information technology have made a certain contribution to reducing motor activity, changing the nature of nutrition, reducing the duration of sleep, the intensity of occupational activity, etc. Various components of children’s nutrition form eating habits and preferences, subsequently determine the nature of the individual’s diet, modeling further effects associated with risk the development of many diseases, including obesity. Conclusion. The combination of adverse risk factors leads to the development of metabolic syndrome. The data obtained confirm the relevance of developing the optimal complex of medical and preventive measures aimed at preventing the development of MS and its components in the modern population.