Abstract
We aimed to examine the association between metabolic syndrome and the risk of kidney stone development in a large-scale community-based cohort. A total of 121,579 participants enrolled in the Taiwan Biobank were analyzed. They were divided into two groups on the basis of presence of metabolic syndrome. The presence of kidney stone disease was defined by self-reported history of kidney stones. The mean age of participants was 50 years old, and self-reported kidney stones were observed in 3446 (10%) and 4292 (5%) participants with metabolic syndrome and without metabolic syndrome, respectively. Higher prevalence of kidney stone disease was found in participants with metabolic syndrome compared to those without metabolic syndrome (odds ratio (OR), 1.32; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.25 to 1.39). In addition, the risk of incident kidney stone development was analyzed in a longitudinal cohort of 25,263 participants without kidney stones at baseline during a mean follow-up of 47 months. Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that the risk for incident kidney stone disease was higher in participants with metabolic syndrome than those without metabolic syndrome (hazard ratio, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.49). Our study suggests that metabolic syndrome does increase the risk of kidney stones.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension are linked to increased risk of stone formation
We aimed to examine the association between metabolic syndrome and the risk of kidney stone development in a large-scale community-based cohort in Taiwan
The data acquisition was from Taiwan Biobank (TWB), a large-scale community-based research database comprised of cancer-free volunteers aged between 30 and 70 years
Summary
Kidney stone disease (KSD) is a global health problem with an increasing cumulative incidence in the U.S and other countries [1]. The overall lifetime risk of KSD in Taiwan is around 10% [2], which is similar to global trends [3]. Kidney stones could lead to ureteral obstruction, resulting in life-threatening conditions such as septic shock. It could result in chronic kidney diseases [4]. The pathophysiology of stone formation is a multifactorial combination of genetics, dietary, metabolic, and environmental components [5]. Many associated risk factors have been reported in the past few decades. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension are linked to increased risk of stone formation.
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