Metabolic syndrome in South Asian immigrants: more than low HDL requiring aggressive management

Sunita Dodani,Merlin G Butler,Kamal Gupta,Lei Dong,James Vacek,Jo Wick,Rebecca Henkhaus

doi:10.1186/1476-511x-10-45

Sunita Dodani, Merlin G Butler + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-511x-10-45

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Abstract

Aggressive clinical and public health interventions have resulted in significant reduction in coronary artery disease (CAD) worldwide. However, South Asian immigrants (SAIs) exhibit the higher prevalence of CAD and its risk factors as compared with other ethnic populations. The objective of the current study is to assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS), its association with high density Lipoprotein (HDL) function, Apo lipoprotein A-I (APOA1) gene polymorphisms, and sub-clinical CAD using common carotid intima-media thickness (CCA-IMT) as a surrogate marker. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on SAIs aged 35-65 years. Dysfunctional/pro-inflammatory (Dys-HDL) was determined using novel cell free assay and HDL inflammatory index. Six intronic APOA1 gene polymorphisms were analyzed by DNA sequencing. According to the International Diabetes Federation definition, MS prevalence was 29.7% in SAIs without CAD and 26% had HDL inflammatory index ≥ 1 suggesting pro-inflammatory Dys-HDL. Six novel APOA1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were analyzed with logistic regression, three SNPs (G2, G3, and G5) were found to be significantly associated with MS (p = 0.039, p = 0.038, p = 0.054). On multi-variate analysis, MS was significantly associated with BMI > 23 (P = 0.005), Apo-A-I levels (p = 0.01), and Lp [a] (p < 0.0001). SAIs are known to be at a disproportionately high risk for CAD that may be attributed to a high burden for MS. There is need to explore and understand non-traditional risk factors with special focus on Dys-HDL, knowing that SAIs have low HDL levels. Large prospective studies are needed to further strengthen current study results.

Highlights

Despite improvements in clinical outcomes and decrease in event rates by 50% over the past 30 years, coronary artery disease (CAD) continues to be a major cause of death in the US [1]
In order to understand the type of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its association with dysfunctional high density Lipoprotein (HDL)-Dysfunctional HDL (Dys-HDL), we conducted a National Institutes of Health (NIH) funded project with an objective to assess the prevalence of MS, its association with CAD and HDL functionality in South Asian immigrants (SAIs)
Several studies have shown that SAIs have a higher prevalence of CAD and MS compared to other ethnic groups

Summary

Introduction

Despite improvements in clinical outcomes and decrease in event rates by 50% over the past 30 years, coronary artery disease (CAD) continues to be a major cause of death in the US [1]. A disturbing trend toward high rates of CAD, insulin resistance or metabolic syndrome (MS) has been noted among South Asian immigrants (SAIs)people from the Indian sub-continent (Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Bhutan) [2,3,4,5,6]. This is alarming for several reasons; (i) South Asians represent one-fifth of the global population. We assessed Apo lipoprotein A-I (APOA1) gene polymorphisms to understand their association with MS and other factors including Dys-HDL and low HDL

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