Metabolic syndrome in patients with lichen planus: Acase-control study.

Abstract

Lichen Planus (LP) is a chronic dermatosis affecting the skin and mucous membranes. Chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in patients with LP is a trigger predisposing to Metabolic Syndrome. To study the association of Metabolic Syndrome in patients with LP. A hospital-based prospective case-control study was conducted from April 2021 to January 2023 including 75 histopathologically confirmed patients with LP and 82 age and sex-matched controls according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Metabolic Syndrome was diagnosed using Modified National Cholesterol Education Programme Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software, version 26. The chi-square test was used for data analysis. The majority (30.6%) of the patients belonged to the age group 31-40years. The mean age of patients with LP was 46.13±14.9years. Female predominance (69.3%) was observed in our study. Patients with classic LP (54.6%) were predominantly observed. Metabolic Syndrome was significantly prevalent in LP patients than in controls (32% vs. 13.4%, p=0.005, OR 3.037) and was significantly associated with morphology (only oral mucosal involvement, 61.5%, p 0.027, OR 3.9), severity (severe LP, 58.6%, p<0.001, OR 7.79), and duration of the disease (≥6months, 55.5%, p 0.001, OR 5.42). 71% of Metabolic Syndrome was observed in females (p 0.847). Among patients with metabolic syndrome, the majority belonged to the age group between 31 and 40years (37.5%, p 0.378). Systolic and Diastolic Blood Pressure values (≥130/85mm of Hg), Serum Triglycerides (≥150mg/dl), and Low-Density Lipoprotein (>130mg/dl) were significantly elevated, and High-Density Lipoprotein (<40mg/dl) was significantly low in LP than in controls (p<0.05). The study showed a significant association of Metabolic Syndrome in patients with LP. Thus, patients with LP need to be screened to avoid complications associated with Metabolic Syndrome that is, Diabetes Mellitus, Cardiovascular Disease, colorectal cancer, and stroke.