Metabolic Syndrome Associated with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Some Nigerian Women

Abstract

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a group of symptoms associated with endocrine disorders in women of reproductive age. Women with this syndrome is at increased risk of metabolic syndrome. This study described the metabolic syndrome and its associated components among women with PCOS in Nigerian populace. Methods: A total of 90 participants (50 PCOS and 40 controls) were recruited for the study. The diagnosis of PCOS was established using the criteria defined by International PCOS guidelines 2018. Demographic, anthropometric, and clinico-pathological data, including blood pressure, were obtained for each participant. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed using the 2005 revised National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel-III (revised NCEP ATP_III) guidelines. Fasting blood glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides were evaluated with conventional spectrophotometric methods. Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in PCOS women was 24%, with an odds ratio of 5.211, while the prevalence of 5.7% was observed in the control group. The prevalence of central obesity (waist circumference >88cm), FBS ≥100 mg/dl, HDL <50 mg/dl, triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl, and blood pressure ≥130/85 mmHg in PCOS women was 60%, 22%, 54%, 12%, and 20%, respectively. The most frequently observed individual components of metabolic syndrome were increased waist circumference and decreased HDL cholesterol. Conclusion: Metabolic syndrome and its components, especially obesity, are a major risk factor of PCOS in our population. Routine screening and modulating individual contributors of metabolic syndrome may support PCOS management.