Abstract
ObjectiveTo explore the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its component and thyroid volume in Chinese adolescents, and to compare the detection rate of MetS under the three different diagnostic criteria.MethodsA total of 1097 school students (610 males and 487 females, ages 12–15 years) were enrolled. All the participants underwent physical examination, biochemical test, and thyroid gland ultrasonography. The thyroid volume of normal, overweight and obese group was compared. We also analyzed the association between the number of MetS components and thyroid volume. Linear and multiple linear regression were applied to explore the association between metabolic parameters and thyroid volume.ResultsThe thyroid volume of the males in overweight (t = 3.784, P < 0.001) and obese group (t = 5.068, P < 0.001) was significantly larger than that in normal group; the thyroid volume of the females in overweight group (t = 4.627,P < 0.001) was significantly larger than that of normal group. As the number of MetS components increased, the thyroid volume also increased significantly (F = 10.64, P < 0.01). Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, systolic blood pressure, fasting insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), uric acid and triglyceride were all positively associated with thyroid volume in the adolescents (P all < 0.001). Meanwhile, there was a negative association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and thyroid volume (P < 0.001). According to multiple linear regression, waist circumference (β = 0.029, 95 %CI: 0.015 ~ 0.042; P < 0.01) and waist height ratio (β = 3.317, 95 %CI: 1.661 ~ 4.973; P < 0.01) were predict factors of thyroid volume. No statistical difference was found in the detection rates of metabolic syndrome under the three diagnostic criteria.ConclusionsOverweight, obesity and metabolic syndrome was associated with adolescent thyroid volume. Central obesity may be an independent risk factor for thyroid enlargement in adolescents.
Highlights
The prevalence of goiter in adult has decreased from 22.80 % to 1996 when universal salt iodization program was implemented to the 5.02 % in 2016 in mainland China [1]
We found a positive association between Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and formation of thyroid nodules in adult [3]
A clear understanding of this association is helpful for the control of Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and prevention of goiter in adolescents
Summary
The prevalence of goiter in adult has decreased from 22.80 % to 1996 when universal salt iodization program was implemented to the 5.02 % in 2016 in mainland China [1]. Goiter is still common in adolescents, which may be attributable to multiple factors such as genetic predisposition, autoimmune disorders, puberty-related factors, and other factors [2]. Metabolic disorders has been found to be closely related to thyroid volume in adults in recent years [5,6,7]. These findings call into question whether MetS is associated with thyroid morphological change in adolescents. A clear understanding of this association is helpful for the control of Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and prevention of goiter in adolescents
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