Metabolic Syndrome and Insulin Resistance in Schoolchildren From a Developing Country.

Rashmi Ranjan Das,Amit Kumar Satapathy,Manaswini Mangaraj,Sandeep Kumar Panigrahi,Partha Sarathi Ray,Samarendra Mahapatro

doi:10.3389/fnut.2020.00031

Abstract

Background: Overweight and obesity are prevalent in schoolchildren due to dietary habits and lack of exercise. These children are prone to metabolic syndrome (MS) and future risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Bhubaneswar City, Eastern India, among schoolchildren. Obesity and overweight were determined by the Indian Academy of Pediatrics guideline. Fasting venous blood samples were taken for insulin, blood glucose, and lipid levels measurement. Blood pressure was measured as per the protocol. The International Diabetic Federation (IDF) criteria for the definition of MS were followed. Insulin resistance was determined by a homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR).Results: A total of 1,930 children were screened, of which 545 (28.2%) were overweight and obese. The male to female ratio was 1.27. The overall prevalence of MS was 21.8% (11% in 6 to ≤10 years old and 30.6% in 11 to 16 years old). A history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, and hypertension in the family was present in 42.7%. Acanthosis nigricans was present in 46.4%. A history of exclusive breast feeding for 6 months was present in 68.1%. The mean HOMA-IR in children with MS was 5.46 compared to 2.18 in those without MS (insulin resistance was more common in children with MS).Conclusions: The present study found a higher prevalence of MS and insulin resistance in schoolchildren from Eastern India who are overweight/obese.

Highlights

Schoolchildren nowadays have increased prevalence of overweight and obesity due to lack of exercise and improper dietary habits
A total of 1,930 children were screened for overweight/obesity based on Body mass index (BMI) (Figure 1)
A systematic review published in 2013 analyzed data published from year 2003 and found the median prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) to be 3.3% in the general pediatric population, 11.9% in children who were overweight, and 29.2% in children who were obese [14]

Summary

Introduction

Schoolchildren nowadays have increased prevalence of overweight and obesity due to lack of exercise and improper dietary habits. In 2016, as per the World Health Organization (WHO), 41 million children under 5 years old were overweight or obese [1]. Over 340 million children and adolescents over 5 years old were overweight or obese [1]. The prevalence of overweight or obesity in the latter age group has increased dramatically from 4% (in 1975) to >18% (in 2016) with a nearly equal proportion among. Overweight and obesity are prevalent in schoolchildren due to dietary habits and lack of exercise. These children are prone to metabolic syndrome (MS) and future risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases

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