Abstract
BackgroundCoronary artery disease (CAD) is among the main causes of death in developed countries, and diet and lifestyle can influence CAD incidence.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association of coronary artery disease risk score with dietary, anthropometric and biochemical components in adults clinically selected for a lifestyle modification program.Methods362 adults (96 men, 266 women, 53.9 ± 9.4 years) fulfilled the inclusion criteria by presenting all the required data. The Framingham score was calculated and the IV Brazilian Guideline on Dyslipidemia and Prevention of Atherosclerosis was adopted for classification of the CAD risks. Anthropometric assessments included waist circumference (WC), body fat and calculated BMI (kg/m2) and muscle-mass index (MMI kg/m2). Dietary intake was estimated through 24 h dietary recall. Fasting blood was used for biochemical analysis. Metabolic Syndrome (MS) was diagnosed using NCEP-ATPIII (2001) criteria. Logistic regression was used to determine the odds of CAD risks according to the altered components of MS, dietary, anthropometric, and biochemical components.ResultsFor a sample with a BMI 28.5 ± 5.0 kg/m2 the association with lower risk (<10% CAD) were lower age (<60 years old), and plasma values of uric acid. The presence of MS within low, intermediary, and high CAD risk categories was 30.8%, 55.5%, and 69.8%, respectively. The independent risk factors associated with CAD risk score was MS and uric acid, and the protective factors were recommended intake of saturated fat and fiber and muscle mass index.ConclusionRecommended intake of saturated fat and dietary fiber, together with proper muscle mass, are inversely associated with CAD risk score. On the other hand, the presence of MS and high plasma uric acid are associated with CAD risk score.
Highlights
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is among the main causes of death in developed countries, and diet and lifestyle can influence CAD incidence
The Framingham risk score is often used as an initial evaluation parameter of CAD risk in individuals with countless risk factors, including those with Metabolic Syndrome (MS) [7]
Positive correlations were observed with age, % energy from protein, glucose, uric acid, SBP, DBP and number of MS components
Summary
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is among the main causes of death in developed countries, and diet and lifestyle can influence CAD incidence. The PRINCEPS (Identification Program of Cardiovascular Risk Level and Increase in Lipid Parameters) study conducted in Spain between 2004 and 2005 with more than 26,500 individuals of both genders above 45 years of age, observed that established CAD prevalence or CAD risk of 36.9% (n = 9829) [5]. This same study found a prevalence of 34.9% (n = 9292) of individuals with CAD risk higher than 20% in 10 years [5]. The Framingham risk score is often used as an initial evaluation parameter of CAD risk in individuals with countless risk factors, including those with Metabolic Syndrome (MS) [7]
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