Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a type of multifactorial metabolic disease with the presence of at least three factors: obesity, diabetes mellitus, low high-density lipoprotein, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension. Recent studies have shown that metabolic syndrome and its related components exert a significant impact on the initiation, progression, treatment response, and prognosis of breast cancer. Metabolic abnormalities not only increase the disease risk and aggravate tumor progression but also lead to unfavorable treatment responses and more treatment side effects. Moreover, biochemical reactions caused by the imbalance of these metabolic components affect both the host general state and organ-specific tumor microenvironment, resulting in increased rates of recurrence and mortality. Therefore, this review discusses the recent advances in the association of metabolic syndrome and breast cancer, providing potential novel therapeutic targets and intervention strategies to improve breast cancer outcome.
Highlights
Breast cancer is a malignant tumor with the highest incidence in women of all ages in the world and is associated with hormones or factors related to reproduction and with environmental factors in general [1]
We reviewed the main findings recent years on the principal molecular actors that are involved in the interactions between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and breast cancer biology, including leptin, adiponectin, insulin and insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), Angiotensin II and Calcium and, cholesterol and lipoprotein
Maruyama et al [167] found that adiponectin-knockout mice showed aggravated left ventricular systolic dysfunction after injection of doxorubicin, whereas exogenous adiponectin improved this condition in wildtype and adiponectin-knockout mice. These results indicate that downregulation of adiponectin levels partly affects adverse cardiac reactions, suggesting that adiponectin may be used as a therapy to prevent cardiotoxicity caused by anthracyclines in obese breast cancer patients
Summary
Breast cancer is a malignant tumor with the highest incidence in women of all ages in the world and is associated with hormones or factors related to reproduction and with environmental factors in general [1]. Changes were evident in body fat (P = 0.01), triglycerides (P = 0.03), WC (P = 0.008), glucose (P = 0.02) and diastolic blood pressure (P = 0.04) of premenopausal women, whereas changes in WC (P = 0.03), HDL (P = 0.05) and glucose (P = 0.02) were observed in postmenopausal women These findings suggested that chemotherapy may have greater adverse effects in premenopausal breast cancer patients because this group may be induced to undergo either transient or permanent early menopause that promotes the rapid decline of estradiol levels in the body, leading to weight gain and a rapid and continuous increase in fat mainly in the abdomen, which causes a series of changes in metabolism-related components. These findings suggested that obese patients often have tumors detected later along with more aggressive tumor biological characteristics; fewer
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