Abstract
BackgroundPrevalence of non-communicable diseases are a challenging problems among menopausal women specially in a least developed country like Bangladesh, where majority of women suffering from at least one chronic diseases after menopausal age. So, the main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and related risk factors in Bangladeshi pre- and post-menopausal women living in the rural setting.MethodsThis study is based on a community based cross-sectional survey among 1802 rural women aged ≥15 years. Metabolic syndrome was defined according to the criteria of NCEP-ATP III. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between menopausal status and metabolic syndrome and its components.ResultsMetabolic syndrome was presented in 25.6% respondents and it was more prevalent among post-menopausal (39.3%) as compared to pre-menopausal (16.8%) women. Logistic regression analysis reveals that prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 1.78 times higher in post-menopausal women than pre-menopausal women (P = 0.001). Prevalence of high blood pressure, elevated fasting blood glucose, and high triglyceride were significantly higher in post-menopausal women than pre-menopausal women (P < 0.05). However, prevalence of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly lower in post-menopausal women than pre-menopausal women (P < 0.001).ConclusionsMetabolic syndrome seems to be a major health problem among post-menopausal women in many developing countries like Bangladesh and proper policy emphasis should be given on its prevention and control.
Highlights
Prevalence of non-communicable diseases are a challenging problems among menopausal women specially in a least developed country like Bangladesh, where majority of women suffering from at least one chronic diseases after menopausal age
In our previous studies we found that prevalence of metabolic syndrome was nearly 31% among rural women in Bangladesh, more than 85% rural women have low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and nearly 31% have high fasting blood glucose [20,21]
Prevalence of elevated fasting blood glucose, high blood pressures, and high triglycerides were significantly higher but prevalence of low HDL cholesterol were significantly lower in postmenopausal women than pre-menopausal women even after adjustment for age (P
Summary
Prevalence of non-communicable diseases are a challenging problems among menopausal women specially in a least developed country like Bangladesh, where majority of women suffering from at least one chronic diseases after menopausal age. The prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes is increasing significantly in Bangladesh [1]. This increase is observed in the urban areas and in the rural population, especially rural women in Bangladesh seems to be more vulnerable who are mostly poor and physically active [2]. The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a Previous studies have showed that MS and cardiovascular diseases are more common in women above 55 years of age with significant increase in individual risk factors in the postmenopausal phase [6,7]. Questions remain whether menopause has a causative contribution to the deteriorating metabolic profile that is independent of chronological aging
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