Abstract
BackgroundObesity and cardiovascular diseases are increasing globally and any association between reproduction and these conditions is of concern. Unfortunately, little is known about normal levels of metabolic risk factors in women of different body mass index throughout the reproductive cycle. This study is one of the first to describe the metabolic risk profile of lactating overweight or obese women at 8–12 weeks postpartum.MethodsDuring 2007–2009, 66 overweight or obese Swedish lactating women without known diseases underwent detailed measurements of their metabolic profiles, dietary intake and general health before entering a lifestyle intervention trial. Baseline measurements took place between 8–12 wk postpartum. Almost all women were exclusively breastfeeding their term infants.ResultsThe women were regarded as healthy, as reflected in the absence of diagnosed diseases, their own perceptions and in normal hemoglobin, albumin and fasting plasma glucose values. Four women were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. In these cases, underlying conditions included large waist circumference, low HDL cholesterol values, high triglyceride values and relatively high blood pressure. The metabolic profile differed between overweight and obese women; obese women had significantly higher levels of fasting insulin (p = 0.017), borderline higher HOMA values (p = 0.057) and significantly higher triglyceride values (p = 0.029), as well as larger waist and hip circumferences (p<0.001 and p<0.001). However, no significant differences between overweight and obese women were detected for LDL or total cholesterol levels. Overweight and obese women reported similar total energy and macronutrient intakes, but obese women tended to be less physically active (p = 0.081).ConclusionsAmong generally healthy lactating women, obesity as compared to overweight is associated with increased metabolic risk. This cut-off is thus important also in the early postpartum period, and obesity among these women should warrant proper health investigation. Macronutrient intake did not differ between the groups and, hence, cannot explain these differences.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01343238
Highlights
IntroductionThe prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased alarmingly during the last decades [1]
On a worldwide basis, the prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased alarmingly during the last decades [1]
Epidemiological evidence exists for an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and the metabolic syndrome with childbearing per se, with or without a weight increase as intermediate link [4,5,6,7]
Summary
The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased alarmingly during the last decades [1]. These higher rates of overweight and obesity are seen among pregnant women [2]. In the US, 60% of women of reproductive age are overweight or obese, i.e., it has become the most prevalent condition [3]. As rates of obesity increase worldwide, so do the risks for obesity related diseases like cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes. From a life course perspective, for women, any association between reproduction and metabolic risk factors is important [8]. This study is one of the first to describe the metabolic risk profile of lactating overweight or obese women at 8–12 weeks postpartum
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