Abstract
BackgroundDiabetes is a major global public health problem driven by a high prevalence of metabolic risk factors.ObjectiveTo describe the differences of metabolic risk factors of type 2 diabetes, as well as glycemic control and complicated diabetic complications between rural and urban Uygur residents in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China.MethodsThis comparative cross-sectional study, conducted among 2879 urban and 918 rural participants in Xinjiang, China, assessed the metabolic risk factors of diabetes and related complications differences between urban and rural settlements.ResultsCompared to rural areas, urban participants had higher education level and more average income, little physical activity, less triglycerides and higher HDL-c (p < 0.05 respectively). Differences in metabolic risk factors by urban/rural residence included overweight or obesity, triglycerides (≥1.71mmol/l), HDL-c (< 1.04 mmol/l), alcohol intake, and physical inactivity (p < 0.01 respectively). There was significant difference regarding the prevalence of HbA1c >8% (48.1% versus 54.5%, p = 0.019) between rural and urban diabetic participants. No significant difference in the prevalence of type 2 diabetic complications between urban and rural participants (74.9% versus 72.2%; p = 0.263) was detected. Compared to rural participants, the most prevalent modifiable risk factors associated with diabetic complications in urban participants were obesity (BMI ≥ 28 Kg/m2), HDL-c (< 1.04 mmol/l), physical inactivity and irregular eating habits (p = 0.035, p = 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.013, respectively).ConclusionsUrban settlers were significantly more likely to have metabolic risk factors highlighting the need for public health efforts to improve health outcomes for these vulnerable populations. Diabetes related complications risk factors were prevalent amongst rural and urban diabetes settlers.
Highlights
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as the fourth major cause of mortality worldwide, is a major public health problem presenting a significant rising prevalence [1,2]
The most prevalent modifiable risk factors associated with diabetic complications in urban participants were obesity (BMI ! 28 Kg/m2), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) (< 1.04 mmol/l), physical inactivity and irregular eating habits (p = 0.035, p = 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.013, respectively)
Urban settlers were significantly more likely to have metabolic risk factors highlighting the need for public health efforts to improve health outcomes for these vulnerable populations
Summary
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as the fourth major cause of mortality worldwide, is a major public health problem presenting a significant rising prevalence [1,2]. It is a complex metabolic disease mostly resulting from the interaction among genetic, environmental and other risk factors. Risk factors for T2DM include obesity [3], sedentary lifestyle [4], smoking [5], high fat/ cholesterol diet [6] and refined carbohydrates [7], and some psychological factors [1,3] This metabolic disease requires effective long-term management to achieve optimal glycemic control and minimize chronic complications [8,9,10]. Diabetes is a major global public health problem driven by a high prevalence of metabolic risk factors
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