Abstract

Infestation by the biotrophic pathogen Gymnosporangium asiaticum can be devastating for plant of the family Rosaceae. However, the phytopathology of this process has not been thoroughly elucidated. Using a metabolomics approach, we discovered the intrinsic activities that induce disease symptoms after fungal invasion in terms of microbe-induced metabolic responses. Through metabolic pathway enrichment and mapping, we found that the host altered its metabolite levels, resulting in accumulation of tetrose and pentose sugar alcohols, in response to this fungus. We then used a multiple linear regression model to evaluate the effect of the interaction between this abnormal accumulation of sugar alcohol and the group variable (control/parasitism). The results revealed that this accumulation resulted in deficiency in the supply of specific sugars, which led to a lack of amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism. Halting this metabolism could hamper pivotal functions in the plant host, including cell wall synthesis and lesion repair. In conclusion, our findings indicate that altered metabolic responses that occur during fungal parasitism can cause deficiency in substrates in pivotal pathways and thereby trigger pathological symptoms.

Highlights

  • Infestation by the biotrophic pathogen Gymnosporangium asiaticum can be devastating for plant of the family Rosaceae

  • Interactions between pathogenic fungi and their plant host result in metabolic changes in the latter

  • We used a metabolomics approach to identify the core metabolic changes caused by the plant-fungus relationship that induce parasitic symptoms

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Summary

Introduction

Infestation by the biotrophic pathogen Gymnosporangium asiaticum can be devastating for plant of the family Rosaceae. The results revealed that this accumulation resulted in deficiency in the supply of specific sugars, which led to a lack of amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism Halting this metabolism could hamper pivotal functions in the plant host, including cell wall synthesis and lesion repair. Fungi of the genus Gymnosporangium, which exhibit heteroecious parasitism, are known to cause rust disease These fungi produce spores and form yellow or brown galls composed of teliospores on leaves or twigs of junipers, its host during winter. The released spores parasitize Rosaceae species, causing defoliation, a lack of photosynthesis and necrotic lesions This entire parasitic life cycle has been revealed by many studies, followed by the development of widespread preventions and remedies for preventing rust disease.

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