Abstract
BackgroundDysfunctional metabolisms are contributed to LPS/GALN-induced hepatitis. However, whether Hedyotis diffusa (HD) employs metabolic strategies against hepatitis is unknown.MethodsWe use the cytokines expression, levels of serum alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase, survival and histological analysis to measure the effect of decoction of HD on acute severe hepatitis of mouse induced by LPS/GALN. Meanwhile, we utilize GC/MS-based metabolomics to characterize the variation of metabolomes.ResultsThe present study shows the relieving liver damage in HD decoction-treated mice. Metabolic category using differential metabolites indicates the lower percentage of carbohydrates in LPS/GALN + HD group than LPS/GALN group, revealing the value of carbohydrate metabolism in HD decoction-administrated mouse liver. Further pathway enrichment analysis proposes that citrate cycle, galactose metabolism, and starch and sucrose metabolism are three important carbohydrate metabolisms that involve in the protective effect of decoction of HD during acute hepatitis. Furthermore, other important enrichment pathways are biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism. Fatty acids or amino acids involved in above-mentioned pathways are also detected in high loading distribution on IC01 and IC02, thereby manifesting the significance of these metabolites. Other key metabolites detect in ICA analysis were cholesterol, lactic acid and tryptophan.ConclusionsThe variation tendency of above-mentioned metabolites is totally consistent with the protective nature of decoction of HD. These findings give a viewpoint that HD decoction-effected metabolic strategies are linked to underlying mechanisms of decoction of HD and highlight the importance of metabolic mechanisms against hepatitis.
Highlights
Dysfunctional metabolisms are contributed to LPS/GALN-induced hepatitis
Decoction of H. diffusa (HD) attenuates the acute inflammation in hepatitis mouse Normally, the most important criterion in evaluating a potential drug against hepatitis is its efficacy in vivo
The levels of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase were reduced in serum of Hedyotis diffusa (HD) decoction-treated mice (Fig. 1c, d)
Summary
Whether Hedyotis diffusa (HD) employs metabolic strategies against hepatitis is unknown. Hepatocyte death that drives liver disease progression from hepatitis associated with a number of liver insults, including steatosis, hepatotoxins, viral infection, and autoimmune disease, are responsible for the development of HCC [2, 3]. These liver insults are related to the subsequent development. Recent papers coincidentally demonstrate that inflammatory process, cancer development and progression, and immune response have strong inter-relationship with metabolism happened in host cells [14,15,16,17]. The underlying metabolic mechanisms related to H. diffusa-involved activities need to be elaborated further, and the metabolic activities of this herb in liver inflammation is unknown
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