Abstract
Endophytes are microorganisms living inside plant hosts and are known to be beneficial for the host plant vitality. In this study, we isolated three endophytic fungus species from the roots of Scots pine seedlings growing on Finnish drained peatland setting. The isolated fungi belonged to dark septate endophytes (DSE). The metabolic profiles of the hot water extracts of the fungi were investigated using Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection and Electron Spray Ionization source Mass Spectrometry with Orbitrap analyzer (UPLC–DAD–ESI–MS–Orbitrap). Out of 318 metabolites, we were able to identify 220, of which a majority was amino acids and peptides. Additionally, opine amino acids, amino acid quinones, Amadori compounds, cholines, nucleobases, nucleosides, nucleotides, siderophores, sugars, sugar alcohols and disaccharides were found, as well as other previously reported metabolites from plants or endophytes. Some differences of the metabolic profiles, regarding the amount and identity of the found metabolites, were observed even though the fungi were isolated from the same host. Many of the discovered metabolites have been described possessing biological activities and properties, which may make a favorable contribution to the host plant nutrient availability or abiotic and biotic stress tolerance.
Highlights
Endophytes are bacterial or fungal microorganisms that colonize a wide variety of plant tissues during at least some period of their lifecycle
Endophytic fungi and bacteria have been shown to improve the health of the host plant by improving the biotic and abiotic stress tolerance due to phytohormone production, and host’s nutrient uptake [5,6,7,8]
A limited number of studies has been published about its endophytic symbionts. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the metabolic profile of water extracted Scots pine root associated endophytic fungi belonging to dark septate endophytes (DSE) is investigated
Summary
Endophytes are bacterial or fungal microorganisms that colonize a wide variety of plant tissues during at least some period of their lifecycle. The endophytic fungal species used in this study were isolated from the roots of eight-year-old Scots pine seedlings growing in a Finnish drained peatland setting. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the metabolic profile of water extracted Scots pine root associated endophytic fungi belonging to DSE is investigated. Under this kind of continuously strenuous growth conditions, the associated endophytes may play a role in enhancing the survival of the host trees by producing effective metabolites with interesting bioactivities. We decided to use UPLC–Orbitrap–MS as UPLC enables fast and sensitive analyses with ultra-high performance for complex samples, and Orbitrap has a high resolving power and is thereby suitable for the accurate mass measurements and characterization of compounds
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