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Abstract
Pleurotus tuoliensis is a valuable and rare edible fungus with extremely high nutritional and medicinal value. However, the relative immaturity of P. tuoliensis cultivation technology leads to fluctuating yields and quality. The main difficulty in P. tuoliensis cultivation is estimate of mycelial maturity. There is currently no measurable indicator that clearly characterizes the physiological maturation of mycelia. The aim of this study was to identify potential indicators of physiological maturation for P. tuoliensis mycelia by using metabolomics approach. A metabolite profiling strategy involving gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to analyze changes to extracellular metabolites in mycelia collected at mycelium physiological maturation period (MPMP) day 0, MPMP day 35 at 17°C and MPMP day 35 at 29°C. 72 differential metabolites (37.8% up-regulated and 62.2% down-regulated) were identified based on the selected criteria [variable important in projection (VIP) greater than 1.0 and p < 0.01]. Metabolic pathways enrichment analysis showed that these metabolites are involved in glycolysis, organic acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), sugar metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, and oxidative phosphorylation. In addition, the pyrimidine synthesis pathway was significantly activated during mycelium physiological maturation of P. tuoliensis. The abundance of N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate (CA-asp), a component of this pathway, was significantly increased at MPMP day 35, which motivated us to explore its potential as an indicator for physiological maturation of mycelia. The content of CA-asp in mycelia changed in a consistent manner during physiological maturation. The feasibility of using CA-asp as an indicator for mycelial maturation requires further investigation.
Highlights
Pleurotus tuoliensis, known as P. ferulae, P. eryngii var. tuoliensis or P. nebrodensis, is a valuable and rare edible fungus (Zhao et al, 2016)
The primary goal of this study was to provide metabolomic information to assist in the identification of metabolites that can be used as potential indicators of mycelium physiological maturation, which could improve P. tuoliensis cultivation practices and maximize yield and quality
When the substrates were fully covered with mycelia within 25 days, the culture bottles were divided into two groups, and subjected to mycelium physiological maturation period (MPMP) under a temperature of 17 and 29◦C for 35 days, respectively
Summary
Known as P. ferulae, P. eryngii var. tuoliensis or P. nebrodensis, is a valuable and rare edible fungus (Zhao et al, 2016). It is reported that total yield of P. tuoliensis in 2012 reached 300 thousand tons, while in 2016 it was only 100 thousand tons (data from the China Edible Fungi Association) This is mainly ascribed to estimates on mycelium maturity. P. tuoliensis must undergo a mycelium physiological maturation period (MPMP) of 30–60 days, which is far longer than that of 7 days required by P. ostreatus and P. eryngii (Duan et al, 2013). This period is the process time of nutrients accumulation by mycelium metabolism. The uncertainty of the ambient temperature during MPMP limited the yield of P. tuoliensis
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