Abstract

AimsWe set out to examine the differences in metabolic profiles of at risk (overweight) patients across commonly used atypical antipsychotics (Olanzapine, Risperidone, Clozapine). We hypothesized that Olanzapine and Clozapine group will have more metabolic abnormalities compared to Risperidone.BackgroundCardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among people with schizophrenia. Since the introduction of atypical antipsychotics, there is cumulative evidence of their association with metabolic abnormalities. Clozapine and Olanzapine are known to constitute the highest metabolic risks amongst atypical antipsychotics.MethodThis study is based on the data of 67 subjects recruited into a 12-week open-labelled trial looking at the effects of adjunctive Aripiprazole in atypical antipsychotics for weight reduction and improvement in metabolic profile. Metabolic profiles including weight, waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, serum total, HDL and LDL cholesterol levels and triglycerides were measured at baseline. The measurements were then compared across the different subgroups of atypical antipsychotics. The definition of metabolic syndrome proposed by the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel (Adults Treatment Panel III) was used.ResultThe atypical antipsychotics were grouped into Olanzapine (n = 27), Risperidone (n = 24) and Clozapine (n = 16). More than 50% of clozapine-treated and Olanzapine-treated overweight patients were demonstrated to have metabolic syndrome at baseline. There was a statistically significant difference in serum triglycerides (p = 0.012), LDL (p = 0.046) and HbA1c (p = 0.045) across the three groups as demonstrated by one-way ANOVA. A Tukey post hoc test showed that both the Olanzapine (p = 0.032) and Risperidone (p = 0.013) groups demonstrated statistically significant lower serum triglycerides when compared to Clozapine. Interestingly, the mean serum HbA1c was significantly lower in Clozapine when compared to Olanzapine group (p = 0.045), perhaps reflecting the closer monitoring of fasting blood sugar in clozapine patients. When controlled for age and BMI, the significant differences in serum triglycerides remain between Clozapine and Risperidone groups [but not for serum HbA1c]. There were no statistically significant differences across the groups with respect to other metabolic parameters.ConclusionAt baseline, metabolic dysregulation was demonstrated in all subgroups of overweight patients. As hypothesized, patients on Olanzapine and Clozapine groups fared worse than Risperidone. Further studies examining long term effects of atypical antipsychotics in a larger sample of patients are warranted to confirm these findings. These findings have clinical significance in terms of choosing the first antipsychotic for drug naïve patients or where there is no clinically significant difference in efficacy.

Highlights

  • This study supports the presence of psychiatry in the F2 year only

  • The aim of this survey was to assess any fluctuations in anxiety levels experienced by mental health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic and the association between these changes and variables of information dissemination, risk management, and managerial support

  • There was no correlation found between the GAD-7 total scores during COVID-19 pandemic and Information dissemination total scores nor Risk/safety total scores

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Summary

Introduction

All doctors of any grade working in psychiatry who had been through the Foundation programme since 2006 were asked to complete a survey on their foundation experience and reasons for choosing a career in psychiatry using SurveyMonkey technology. 45% of psychiatry doctors working in NI surveyed hadn’t considered a career in psychiatry until their foundation placement. This study supports the presence of psychiatry in the F2 year only.

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