Metabolic Fingerprint of PS3-Induced Resistance of Grapevine Leaves against Plasmopara viticola Revealed Differences in Elicitor-Triggered Defenses.

Marielle Adrian,Marie-Claire Héloir,Xavier Daire,Basem Kanawati,Régis Gougeon,Benoît Poinssot,Chloé Roullier-Gall,Sophie Trouvelot,Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin,Christelle Lemaître-Guillier,Marianna Lucio

doi:10.3389/fpls.2017.00101

Abstract

Induction of plant resistance against pathogens by defense elicitors constitutes an attractive strategy to reduce the use of fungicides in crop protection. However, all elicitors do not systematically confer protection against pathogens. Elicitor-induced resistance (IR) thus merits to be further characterized in order to understand what makes an elicitor efficient. In this study, the oligosaccharidic defense elicitors H13 and PS3, respectively, ineffective and effective to trigger resistance of grapevine leaves against downy mildew, were used to compare their effect on the global leaf metabolism. Ultra high resolution mass spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS) analysis allowed us to obtain and compare the specific metabolic fingerprint induced by each elicitor and to characterize the associated metabolic pathways. Moreover, erythritol phosphate was identified as a putative marker of elicitor-IR.

Highlights

Wine industry is of high economic, social and cultural value worldwide (Bisson et al, 2002)
The discrimination between the three sample sets was further characterized using the chemical histogram and van Krevelen (VK) diagram built from the elemental formulas attributed to their respective top m/z list (Figure 3)
W48, H48, and P48 correspond to methanol extracts of grapevine leaf disks treated with H2O (W, as control), H (H13), or P (PS3) elicitor solutions (2.5 g.l−1) for 48 h

Summary

Introduction

Wine industry is of high economic, social and cultural value worldwide (Bisson et al, 2002). Viticulture has to adapt in order to face major changes such as climate evolution and environmental constraints. A true challenge is currently the evolution towards production systems combining sustainability, economical viability, and more eco-friendly practices. Some fungicides are harmful for the environment and human health, and contribute to the selection of resistant strains of pathogens (Casida, 2009; Nanni et al, 2016). Besides organic farming or the development of resistant varieties by grape breeding, one strategy that is likely to allow the reduction of the use of fungicides is the induction of plant resistance to pathogens by defense elicitors (Walters et al, 2013)

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