Abstract
1. 1. In late winter, oxygen consumption of honey bee ( Apis mellifera L.) clusters showed marked 24-hr periodicity, even when held under constant temperature conditions. 2. 2. Minimal rates of metabolism (as low as 3.4 w kg −1) were usually reached at night ( ca. 0500 hr), and maximum rates (as high as 33.5 w kg −1) in midday ( ca. 1400 hr). 3. 3. Colonies with brood showed less excursion in daily metabolic rate, by maintaining higher night-time levels. 4. 4. There is a pronounced decrease in metabolic rate for the intact cluster of 9480–23,394 bees from the rates reported for individuals or small groups of bees.
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