Abstract
Spontaneously Diabetic Torii Lepr fa (SDT fatty) rat, established by introducing the fa allele of the Zucker fatty rat into SDT rat genome, is a new model of obese type 2 diabetes. Both male and female SDT fatty rats show overt obesity, and hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia are observed at a young age as compared with SDT rats. With early incidence of diabetes mellitus, diabetic complications, such as nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy, in SDT fatty rats were seen at younger ages compared to those in the SDT rats. In this paper, we overview pathophysiological features in SDT fatty rats and also describe new insights regarding the hematology, blood pressure, renal complications, and sexual dysfunction. The SDT fatty rats showed an increase of leukocytes, especially the monocyte count, prominent hypertension associated with salt drinking, end-stage renal disease with aging, and hypogonadism. Unlike other diabetic models, the characteristic of SDT fatty rat is to present an incidence of diabetes in females, hypertension, and retinopathy. SDT fatty rat is a useful model for analysis of various metabolic disorders and the evaluation of drugs related to metabolic disease.
Highlights
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a polygenic disorder that is caused by a metabolic and/or hormonal imbalance between insulin secretion from ββ cells and insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, both of which might be modi ed by genetic and environmental factors [1]. e decreased sensitivity to insulin leads to an increased requirement for insulin and is o en associated with obesity in which metabolic disturbances are marked in insulin-target organs, such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissues [2]
Based on the previously mentioned concept, a novel model of obesity-related diabetes was established by Masuyama et al [7]. ey established a congenic line of the Spontaneously Diabetic Torii (SDT) rat by introducing the fa allele of the Zucker fatty rat into the SDT rat genome via the Speed Congenic Method using a PCR technique with DNA markers. is congenic strain has been maintained by intercrossing between fa-heterozygous littermates
Diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications in SDT fatty rats were found at a younger age than those in SDT rats. e early onset of diabetes or diabetic complication has advantages for the use of SDT fatty rats in diabetes research
Summary
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a polygenic disorder that is caused by a metabolic and/or hormonal imbalance between insulin secretion from ββ cells and insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues, both of which might be modi ed by genetic and environmental factors [1]. e decreased sensitivity to insulin leads to an increased requirement for insulin and is o en associated with obesity in which metabolic disturbances are marked in insulin-target organs, such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissues [2]. E male SDT fatty rats showed hyperinsulinemia from 4 to 8 weeks of age, but a er 16 weeks their insulin levels decreased to levels similar to those in SDT rats. Nonfasted serum parameters, such as leukocyte count (WBC), erythrocyte count (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (Ht) level, were examined at 6 and 12 weeks of age. WBC and Ht levels in SDT fatty rats were signi cantly higher as compared with those in SD rats at both 6 and 12 weeks of age. In male SDT fatty rats, blood pressure was signi cantly higher from 8 to 24 weeks of age, as compared with age-matched SD rats [22]. An elevation of blood pressure in the rats was more prominent a er sodium loading
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