Abstract
The amount of research on metabolic bone diseases in commercial birds is considerable, however, there is a large gap in the knowledge of these diseases in wild birds. Aspects related to diet are the main factors that cause these diseases, such as: vitamin D deficiency, insufficient calcium intake, or imbalance of calcium and phosphorus in the diet, and problems in the absorption and metabolism of these compounds. This study reports two cases of bone diseases in birds of the order Accipitriformes, which are wild in the state of Paraiba, a crab-eating hawk with rickets, and a caboclo hawk with fibrous osteodystrophy. The diagnosis in both cases was based on macroscopic and microscopic findings. These reports are subsidies for the bird clinic of the order Accipitriformes and for the maintenance of these birds in nurseries and zoos. This study demonstrates the need for further studies to assess whether such cases can be used as indicators of environmental imbalance.
Highlights
Metabolic bone diseases may be caused by vitamin D deficiency, insufficient calcium intake or calcium and phosphorus balance in the diet, and absorption and metabolism problems with these elements
In a study carried out with wild birds coming from rehabilitation centers and private clinics, Stenkat; Krautwald-Junghanns; Schmidt (2013) show that 13% of the cases that led to the mortality or morbidity of birds from urban centers in general were due to metabolic diseases, such as fibrous osteodystrophy
Rickets is a Guerra et al Acta Veterinaria Brasilica June 12 (2018) 35-39 bone disease characterized by the inefficient mineralization of the epiphyseal plate, a disease that occurs in growing animals, with low extracellular concentration of calcium and phosphorus (MECHICA, 1999)
Summary
Metabolic bone diseases may be caused by vitamin D deficiency, insufficient calcium intake or calcium and phosphorus balance in the diet, and absorption and metabolism problems with these elements. A crab-eating hawk nestling (Buteogallus aequinoctialis) was taken to the Arruda Câmara Zoological Park, in João Pessoa, PB by the Environmental Police because it was having difficulty in locomotion It had a fracture in the right femur and the left tibia was curved, which generated an abnormal posture in the bird. One month after the surgical procedure, radiography was performed in which poorly developed mineralization was observed at the site, so that fixation was maintained for 15 more days During this period the bird had a pathological fracture in the same tibia and fibula. The trabecular bone was atrophied, characterized by thin and poorly mineralized trabeculae, and surrounding these trabeculae there was a large quantity of active osteoblasts and connective tissue in the middle of the trabeculae This tissue was strongly stained with Masson's Trichrome blue.
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