Abstract
Ethanol has direct effects on metabolic and endocrine activity and a wide variety of indirect effects. The direct effects come from both ethanol and the first oxidation product, acetaldehyde, which act on brain and nerve tissue (Israel, 1970). These two substances have a direct effect on the hypothalamus with resulting changes in endocrine activity; a direct effect on the cerebral cortex producing changes in behavior, activity, and emotional state; and direct metabolic effects on the electron transport system. The first two steps of ethanol oxidation each reduce nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) to NADH2. The product formed at the end of the second oxidation step is acetate, which is the crossroads of energy metabolism, where carbohydrate and fat oxidation meet and join oxaloacetate to renew the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
