Abstract
The aim of the paper is to detect insulin resistance (IR) biomarkers via metabolomics. It is important to understand the PCOS pathophysiology, diagnosis measures and, subsequently, to improve treatment type and time of IR in PCOS. In most cases, almost half of the women with PCOS have IR which is triggered by inflammation, glucotoxicity and lipotoxicity. In this work was conducted a systematic review of all the papers that used metabolomics for detecting IR biomarkers in PCOS women. The exclusion criteria were: reviews, study population with women bellow 18 years of age, studies including animals and articles not in English, remaining 4 records. The results from the literature shown that phosphatidylcholines were decreased in IR PCOS women when compared to controls. Nonetheless, trans-2-hexenoylcoa, linoleic acid, leucine, myristic acid and palmitic acid regarding lipid metabolism and tyrosine, lysine, phenylalanine a-aminoadipic acid regarding amino acid metabolism were also corelated to IR in PCOS women when compared with healthy or IR controls. Lactate was the only increased metabolite related to glucose metabolism in IR PCOS women. Metabolic alteration in PCOS women with IR when are compared with controls and results that those are brought by both PCOS and IR. Lyso-phosphatidylcholine have an important pro-inflammatory and altered insulin signaling effect, both alterations being considered hallmarks of PCOS women. Serine hyperphosphorylation of the receptor accentuates IR by decreasing the signaling of insulin receptor. Moreover, high levels of lactate correlated with IR in PCOS women may indicate high muscle glycolysis, hepatic glucose production and peripheral glucose uptake. IR biomarkers in PCOS women were evidenced by metabolomics technique. Keywords: Polycystic ovary syndrome, insulin resistance, metabolomics, women, plasma, metabolism, biomarkers
Highlights
The aim of the paper is to detect insulin resistance (IR) biomarkers via metabolomics
We have focused the study on metabolomic biomarkers that could define a specific metabolic fingerprint to distinguish between Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women with and without IR
Serine, lactate, glycine, dodecanedioic acid and threonine were glucose metabolism related metabolites found decreased in IR PCOS compared with controls or non-IR PCOS women [14,15,16,17]
Summary
The aim of the paper is to detect insulin resistance (IR) biomarkers via metabolomics. Important steps were made regarding the impact of metabolic comorbidities in PCOS women Between those factors, insulin resistance (IR) and obesity have been linked to the pathogenesis of PCOS, and to the susceptibility of developing early impaired glucose tolerance and cardio-vascular diseases [6]. The omic techniques (Figure 1) have identified various pathways and disease biomarkers in chronic metabolic pathologies like type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), IR, dyslipidemia and obesity [8,9,10]. Of these techniques, metabolomics has recently emerged, being used in small groups in PCOS women. Not all studies have focused their attention to eliminate the influence of obesity or insulin resistance in their different stages
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