Abstract
Micronutrients and their metabolites are cofactors in proteins involved in lipid metabolism. The present study was a subproject of the Harmonized Micronutrient Project (ClinTrials.gov # NCT01823744). Twenty participants were randomly selected from 136 children and adolescents that consumed a daily dose of 12 vitamins and 5 minerals supplementation for 6 weeks. The 20 individuals were divided into two pools of 10 individuals, according to their lipid profile at baseline (Pool 1 with lower triglycerides, LDL, and VLDL). The individuals were analyzed at baseline, after 6 weeks of daily supplementation, and after 6 weeks of a washout period in relation to anthropometric, body composition, food intake, lipid profile, micronutrient levels, and iTRAQ proteomic data. Genetic ancestry and its association with vitamin serum levels were also determined. After supplementation, LDL levels decreased while alpha‐tocopherol and pantothenic acid levels increased in pool 2; lipid profiles in pool 1 did not change but had higher plasma levels of pantothenic acid, pyridoxal, and pyridoxic acid. In pool 2, expression of some proteins increased, and expression of other ones decreased after intervention, while in pool 1, the same proteins responded inversely or did not change their levels. Plasma alpha‐tocopherol and Native American genetic ancestry explained a significant fraction of LDL plasma levels at baseline and in response to the intervention. After intervention, changes in expression of alpha‐1 antitrypsin, haptoglobin, Ig alpha‐1 chain C region, plasma protease C1 inhibitor, alpha‐1‐acid glycoprotein 1, fibrinogen alpha, beta, and gamma‐chain in individuals in pool 2 may be associated with levels of LDL and vitamin E. Vitamin E and Native American genetic ancestry may also be implicated in changes of vitamin E and LDL levels. The results of this pilot study must be validated in future studies with larger sample size or in in vitro studies.
Highlights
Being overweight in childhood and adolescence may be associated with established predictors of cardiovascular disease including increased levels of glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and the low levels of HDL cholesterol (Alberti, Zimmet, & Shaw, 2006; Gröber-Grätz et al, 2013; Quijada et al, 2008; Rosini, Moura, & Rosini, 2015; Tailor, Peeters, & Norat, 2010; Weiss & Kaufman, 2008)
The study aimed to: (a) evaluate the changes in proteomic profile, nutritional status, and vitamin serum levels after a micronutrient intervention in two lipid profile groups and (b) associate vitamin and lipid levels with genetic ancestry. The results of this pilot study must be validated in future studies with larger sample size or in vitro and experimental designs
Changes after the intervention in the level of alpha, beta, and gammafibrinogen chains, haptoglobin, Ig alpha-1 chain C region, plasma protease C1 inhibitor, alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein, alpha-1 antitrypsin, and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein1 may be associated with changes of plasma LDL
Summary
Being overweight in childhood and adolescence may be associated with established predictors of cardiovascular disease including increased levels of glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and the low levels of HDL cholesterol (Alberti, Zimmet, & Shaw, 2006; Gröber-Grätz et al, 2013; Quijada et al, 2008; Rosini, Moura, & Rosini, 2015; Tailor, Peeters, & Norat, 2010; Weiss & Kaufman, 2008) These risk factors are sensitive to nutritional intake. Native American ancestry was associated with lower baseline folate levels and greater response to the intervention (Mathias et al, (2018)) These results deserve further evaluation since vitamin levels may be implicated in reduction of LDL (Mathias et al, (2018)), an important predictor of cardiovascular disease. The results of this pilot study must be validated in future studies with larger sample size or in vitro and experimental designs
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