Meta-Analysis the Effects of Non Exclusive Breastfeeding and Inappropriate Complementary Feeding on Stunting in Children Under Five

Abstract

Background: One of the Sustainable Develop­ment Goals (SDGs) targets in 2030 is to end all forms of malnutrition, including reducing stunting, which is still a global problem. Stunt­ing is directly and negatively affected by birth length, exclusive breastfeeding, and comple­mentary feeding on time. This study aims to estimate the magnitude of the effect of non-exclusive breastfeeding and inappropriate com­plementary breastfeeding on the incidence of stunting in children under five using a meta-analysis study. Subjects and Method: This meta-analysis study was conducted by selecting articles published in the years 2010-2020, from the PubMed, Google Scholar, and BMJ databases. Article searches are carried out by considering the eligibility criteria. This article was collected for 1 month using the following keywords: "Exclusive Breastfeeding" AND "Complemen­tary Feeding" AND "Stunting". The inclusion criteria were full text study, children under five years of age, non-exclusive breastfeeding inter­vention and complementary feeding were not on time, the outcome of the article was stunting by observational study, and the results were reported in adjusted odds ratio (aOR). Eligible articles were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3 program. Results: Fifteen articles were reviewed in this study with a cross sectional and case control study design. Meta analysis of 7 case control studies showed that children under five who were not exclusively breastfed had a risk of stunting (aOR= 2.83; 95% CI= 1.30 to 4.53; p= 0.006), 3 cross-sectional studies showed that children under five who were not exclusively breastfed had a risk of stunting (aOR= 1.41; 95% CI= 1.30 to 4.53; p= 0.69), and 5 cross-sectional studies showed that children under five who were breastfed inappropriately have a risk of stunting (aOR= 2.46; 95% CI= 1.81 to 3.36; p <0.001). Conclusion: Non-exclusive breastfeeding and MP ASI not on time have a risk of stunting. Keywords: Stunting, exclusive breastfeeding, complementary breastfeeding, meta-analysis Correspondence: Tyas Aisyah Putri. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Su­tami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: taisyah1996@gmail.com. Mobile: +628­5725003949. Journal of Maternal and Child Health (2020), 05(05): 514-524 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2020.05.05.06.