Abstract
Venous thromboembolisms (VTEs) have been a leading secondary cause of death among ovarian cancer patients, prompting multiple studies of risk factors. The objective of this meta-analysis is to quantify the associations between VTE and the most commonly reported risk factors among ovarian cancer patients. PubMed, Embase, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) were used to identify observational studies. Two reviewers independently abstracted data and assessed quality via the Newcastle–Ottawa tool. A random effects model was used to calculate the pooled odds ratios for VTE with each of the following exposures: advanced cancer stage, clear cell histology, serous histology, ascites at diagnosis, and complete cytoreduction. The I2 and Q tests were used to evaluate heterogeneity. Twenty cohort studies with 6,324 total ovarian cancer patients, 769 of whom experienced a VTE, were included. The odds of VTE in ovarian cancer patients were higher among patients with cancer stage III/IV (versus cancer stage I/II, pooled odds ratio (OR) 2.73; 95% CI 1.84–4.06; I2= 64%), clear cell (versus nonclear cell) histology (OR 2.11; 95% CI 1.55–2.89; I2 = 6%), and ascites (versus no ascites) at diagnosis (OR 2.12; 95% CI 1.51–2.96; I2 = 32%). Serous (versus nonserous) histology (OR 1.26; 95% CI 0.91–1.75; I2 = 42%) and complete (versus incomplete) cytoreduction (OR 1.05; 95% CI 0.27–4.11; I2 = 88%) were not associated with VTE. This meta-analysis quantifies the significantly elevated odds of VTE in ovarian cancer patients with advanced stage at diagnosis, clear cell histology, and ascites at diagnosis. Further studies are needed to account for confounders and inform clinical decision-making tools.
Highlights
Venous thromboembolisms (VTEs), including deep vein thromboses (DVTs) and pulmonary embolisms (PEs), are a major complication of the hypercoagulative state caused by cancer [1, 2]
Estimates of the odds of VTE in ovarian cancer patients by common tumor, clinical presentation, and treatment factors have sparsely been reported over the last three decades, most often only including unadjusted odds ratios or raw numbers. e odds of VTEs in ovarian cancer patients by the most frequently discussed tumor, clinical presentation, and treatment factors need to be quantified by metaanalysis in order to further our understanding of VTE hazard in this high-risk population [30]. is meta-analysis of observational studies aims to examine the risk of VTE in ovarian cancer patients by the exposures of advanced stage at diagnosis, serous histology, clear cell carcinoma histology, ascites at diagnosis, and complete cytoreductive surgery
Discussion e results of this meta-analysis suggest that advanced cancer stage, clear cell carcinoma histology, and ascites at diagnosis are significant risk factors for VTE events in ovarian cancer patients. e odds ratios for advanced cancer stage and ascites at diagnosis were significant overall and for publications where only symptomatic patients were diagnosed with VTE
Summary
Venous thromboembolisms (VTEs), including deep vein thromboses (DVTs) and pulmonary embolisms (PEs), are a major complication of the hypercoagulative state caused by cancer [1, 2]. The aggressive surgical and chemotherapy treatment of ovarian cancer likely causes high thrombosis rates [16, 19, 25,26,27]. Estimates of the odds of VTE in ovarian cancer patients by common tumor, clinical presentation, and treatment factors have sparsely been reported over the last three decades, most often only including unadjusted odds ratios or raw numbers. E odds of VTEs in ovarian cancer patients by the most frequently discussed tumor, clinical presentation, and treatment factors need to be quantified by metaanalysis in order to further our understanding of VTE hazard in this high-risk population [30]. Is meta-analysis of observational studies aims to examine the risk of VTE in ovarian cancer patients by the exposures of advanced stage at diagnosis, serous histology, clear cell carcinoma histology, ascites at diagnosis, and complete cytoreductive surgery Estimates of the odds of VTE in ovarian cancer patients by common tumor, clinical presentation, and treatment factors have sparsely been reported over the last three decades, most often only including unadjusted odds ratios or raw numbers. e odds of VTEs in ovarian cancer patients by the most frequently discussed tumor, clinical presentation, and treatment factors need to be quantified by metaanalysis in order to further our understanding of VTE hazard in this high-risk population [30]. is meta-analysis of observational studies aims to examine the risk of VTE in ovarian cancer patients by the exposures of advanced stage at diagnosis, serous histology, clear cell carcinoma histology, ascites at diagnosis, and complete cytoreductive surgery
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