Abstract
Meta‐analysis reveals complex marine biological responses to the interactive effects of ocean acidification and warming
Highlights
The concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) has increased from 280 ppm in preindustrial times to a present day level of 391 ppm (Le Quere et al 2012)
Out of 196 peer-reviewed articles that investigated the biological responses of marine organisms to ocean warming and/or acidification 107 met our criteria, giving 623 unique observations (Table S1)
Meta-analysis of the whole dataset revealed that calcification and reproduction were negatively affected by ocean acidification and neutrally affected by ocean warming
Summary
The concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) has increased from 280 ppm in preindustrial times to a present day level of 391 ppm (Le Quere et al 2012). By the year 2100, sea surface temperatures are expected to rise by a further 1–4°C while increased CO2 (aq) will result in the decreased availability of carbonate ions and a further reduction in pH by 0.3– 0.5 units (Caldeira and Wickett 2005; IPCC 2007; Gooding et al 2009) These changes in temperature and ocean carbonate chemistry are considered two of the greatest threats to marine biodiversity (Kleypas et al 1999; Doney et al 2009), leading to changes in the physiological performance of individual organisms, which will in turn alter biotic interactions, community structure, and ecosystem functioning.
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